Man and Sin by Piet Schoonenberg (1964) 1.6AA2

[Humans evolved to see designed order.  We perceive spontaneous orders “as if they were designed”.   We intuitively see instrumental causes and formal elements in nature as well as culture.

If you think about it, the act of “seeing design” gives us the illusion that we are observers of some subject, rather than subjects in some objective situation.  In terms of the nested form, “design” puts the situation of “us seeing” into context – and – “us seeing” situates “what we observe, that is, the subject”:

Design3( us seeing2( what we observe1))

Instrumental causes & formal elements3( us observing2( the subject1))

We innately view our world through the lens of design.  When we observe any actuality that slips back into the realm of possibility, we see failure.  We call these failures “evil”.

We look at the spontaneous orders of biology and observe metaphysical (failure based on limitations) and physical (challenges that lead to failure) evil.

Here “evil”, like the word “sin”, has the connotation of “missing the mark (that is, failing with respect to the point of the design)”.]