{"id":9863,"date":"2025-12-23T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=9863"},"modified":"2025-10-09T14:56:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T14:56:14","slug":"looking-at-igor-pilshchikov-and-mikhail-trunins-article-2016-the-tartu-moscow-school-of-semiotics-part-7-of-27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=9863","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Igor Pilshchikov and Mikhail Trunin&#8217;s Article (2016) &#8220;The Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics&#8221; (Part 7 of 27)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0070 Of course,&nbsp;<em>academics in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literature&nbsp;<\/em>reject this option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequently, if investigators of literature are going to take on&nbsp;<em>the mantle of science,&nbsp;<\/em>they have to sneak in Aristotle&#8217;s formal and final causes under the guises of material and efficient causalities.&nbsp;&nbsp;Their models must include hylomorphes as actualities<sub>2<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, an unstated normal context<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;and a potential<sub>1<\/sub>&nbsp;will accompany that actuality<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0071 So,&nbsp;<em>the positivist injunction outlawing Aristotle&#8217;s metaphysics<\/em>&nbsp;must be reconfigured into&nbsp;<em>a refusal to entertain religious mumbo-jumbo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The positivist intellect<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>relation,<\/em>&nbsp;thirdness)&nbsp;<em>of a Professor of Literature<\/em>&nbsp;must encourage models that (1) are not religious (that is, Christian) and (2) (somehow) allow formal and final causalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0072 So far so good, what about the other two elements of the Positivist&#8217;s judgment (N and O, see point 0060)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let me turn to&nbsp;<em>what ought to be<\/em>&nbsp;(secondness, N).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide21.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide21.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide21-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0073 The empirio-schematic judgment (<em>what ought to be,<\/em>&nbsp;secondness) should belong to thirdness, but it does not.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is a judgment that is imbued with secondness (the dyadic realm of actuality).&nbsp;&nbsp;To many scientists,&nbsp;<em>the empirio-schematic judgment<\/em>&nbsp;is more real than&nbsp;<em>the thing itself<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the empirio-schematic judgment, disciplinary language (<em>relation,<\/em>&nbsp;thirdness, N3) brings mechanical and mathematical models (<em>what ought to be,<\/em>&nbsp;secondness, N2) into relation with observations and measurements of phenomena (<em>what is,<\/em>firstness, N1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0074&nbsp;<em>The disciplinary language of aesthetics<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>relation<\/em>, thirdness, N3) adopts&nbsp;<em>explicit terminology<\/em>&nbsp;<em>that implicitly evokes formal and final causalities<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Metaphysics is apparently excluded.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;Metaphysics&#8221; characterized as &#8220;religious thinking&#8221;, is definitely excluded.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the West, the definition of &#8220;metaphysics&#8221; has trended from &#8220;excluding Aristotle&#8217;s formal and final causalities&#8221; to &#8220;not religious&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0075&nbsp;<em>The model<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>what ought to be,&nbsp;<\/em>N2) is doubly dipped in actuality.&nbsp;&nbsp;The model is assigned to secondness in the empirio-schematic judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;The empirio-schematic judgment is assigned to secondness in the Positivist&#8217;s judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;If one poses dyadic models (expressing the relational structure of Peirce&#8217;s category of secondness), then the elements in dyadic models may be explicitly formulated, while retaining implicit connotations of formal and final causalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0076 How so?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dyadic actualities entail material and efficient causalities.&nbsp;&nbsp;These causes may be explicitly abstracted using a disciplinary language.&nbsp;&nbsp;These causes are required for modeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, a dyadic actuality<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;must be contextualized by a normal context<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;(formal causality) and potentiated by possibilities<sub>1<\/sub>&nbsp;(efficient and final causalities).&nbsp;&nbsp;These causes are implicit abstractions that are difficult to explicitly label.&nbsp;&nbsp;These causes contribute to understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0077 What about&nbsp;<em>observations and measurements of phenomena<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>what is,<\/em>&nbsp;firstness, N1)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The disciplinary languages of literary science<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>relation,<\/em>&nbsp;thirdness, N3) discuss&nbsp;<em>observable and measurable facets of the thing itself<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>what is,<\/em>&nbsp;firstness, N1), in&nbsp;<em>a critical manner,<\/em>&nbsp;as to support or undermine&nbsp;<em>a dyadic model<\/em>&nbsp;<em>as a hypothesis<\/em>(<em>what ought to be,<\/em>&nbsp;secondness, N2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0078&nbsp;<em>What is<\/em>&nbsp;(firstness, O) of the Positivist&#8217;s judgment is even more curious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dyad, {the thing itself [cannot be objectified as] its observable and measurable facets}, appears to belong to secondness, since secondness consists of two contiguous real elements.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, it does not.&nbsp;&nbsp;It belongs to firstness, the monadic realm of possibility.&nbsp;&nbsp;Indeed,&nbsp;<em>the noumenon<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>its phenomena<\/em>&nbsp;label&nbsp;<em>the same entity<\/em>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<em>different points of view<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0079 Philosophy considers&nbsp;<em>the noumenon<\/em>&nbsp;and initially seeks to portray&nbsp;<em>the thing itself<\/em>&nbsp;as a hylomorphic structure, similar to Aristotle&#8217;s dyad {matter [substance] form}.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And that is confusing, because science totally ignores&nbsp;<em>the noumenon<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Science observes and measures&nbsp;<em>phenomena<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Science presumes that&#8230; um&#8230; there is&nbsp;<em>a noumenon<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Phenomena<\/em>&nbsp;are&nbsp;<em>the observable and measurable facets of a noumenon<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, as long as the scientist has observations and measurements&#8230; then&nbsp;<em>the noumenon<\/em>&nbsp;must exist&#8230; right?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0080 Here is a picture of the Positivist&#8217;s judgment, unfolded into a category-based nested form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide22.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide22.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide22-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The subscript, &#8220;p&#8221;, stands for the Positivist&#8217;s judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;Plus, the labels M, N and O will no longer be used as guides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The normal context of the positivist intellect<sub>3p<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;brings&nbsp;<em>the actuality of the empirio-schematic judgment<sub>2p<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;into relation with&nbsp;<em>the potential of the dyad<sub>1p<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;{the thing itself [cannot be objectified as] its observable and measurable facets}<sub>1p<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0081 Section three (3) discusses the history of the Moscow Linguistic Circle (MLC, starting in 1915).&nbsp;&nbsp;The participants do not appreciate that they wrestle with the Positivist&#8217;s judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, they do know that the author&#8217;s intent cannot be reduced to social conditions (as proposed by sociologists) or conscious or unconscious processes (as proposed by psychologists).&nbsp;&nbsp;All factions of the MLC agree that&nbsp;<em>a literary text<\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a noumenon,<\/em>&nbsp;and not&nbsp;<em>a<\/em>&nbsp;<em>phenomenon produced by social, personal, or other truncated material and efficient causalities<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, the text (the&nbsp;<em>noumenon<\/em>) cannot be objectified by its observable and measurable facets (its&nbsp;<em>phenomena<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without the text, literary phenomena do not exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0082 What about&nbsp;<em>the empirio-schematic judgment<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>what ought to be,<\/em>&nbsp;secondness)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By 1929, the disciplinary language of structuralism (<em>relation,<\/em>&nbsp;thirdness) brings systemically and hierarchically arranged material, formal, efficient and final causes (<em>what ought to be,<\/em>&nbsp;secondness) into relation with observations of textual phenomena (<em>what is,<\/em>&nbsp;firstness).&nbsp;&nbsp;These causes are not mechanical.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are organic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, a literary text is like a living thing.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, the normal context of inquiry<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;focuses on the construction of a system<sub>3<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, is that &#8220;a systemic construction<sub>3<\/sub>&#8220;?&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, could I say, &#8220;system of constructions&#8221;<sub>3<\/sub>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0083 Do not let me forget the not-religious intellect<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture of&nbsp;<em>the Literary Positivist&#8217;s nested form<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide23.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide23.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Slide23-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0084 The issue of reductionism, once again, cannot be avoided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The term, &#8220;structuralism&#8221;, what does it mean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I recall that the &#8216;thing&#8217; that has&nbsp;<em>the matter of semiology<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>the form of aesthetics<\/em>&nbsp;has a label: &#8220;structuralism&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0085 Obviously, the disciplinary language of &#8220;structuralism&#8221; satisfies the positivist intellect&#8217;s injunction by redefining &#8220;metaphysics&#8221; as &#8220;religious mumbo-jumbo&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Structuralist models are not truly reductionist because the disciplinary languages of semiology and aesthetics (secretly) incorporate Aristotle&#8217;s formal and final causes, through the fact that dyadic models (hylomorphes) are actualities<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;that demand a normal contexts<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;and potentials<sub>1<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0086 In contrast, the sociological, the psychological and the communicational reductionist can propose models (based on truncated material and efficient causalities), where the observable and measurable facets of&nbsp;<em>a thing itself<\/em>&nbsp;(the literary text) are accounted for by cultural, psychological and communicative arrangements (all materialist, of course).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sociologists, psychologists and communicational reductionists satisfy the positivist&#8217;s injunction according to its original formulation, where &#8220;metaphysics&#8221; refers to &#8220;Aristotle&#8217;s formal and final causalities&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0070 Of course,&nbsp;academics in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literature&nbsp;reject this option. Consequently, if investigators of literature are going to take on&nbsp;the mantle of science,&nbsp;they have to sneak in Aristotle&#8217;s formal and final causes under the guises of material and efficient causalities.&nbsp;&nbsp;Their models must include hylomorphes as actualities2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, an unstated normal context3&nbsp;and a potential1&nbsp;will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Igor Pilshchikov and Mikhail Trunin&#039;s Article (2016) &quot;The Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics&quot; (Part 7 of 27) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=9863\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Igor Pilshchikov and Mikhail Trunin&#039;s Article (2016) &quot;The Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics&quot; (Part 7 of 27) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0070 Of course,&nbsp;academics in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literature&nbsp;reject this option. 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