{"id":9566,"date":"2025-09-24T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=9566"},"modified":"2025-05-22T19:50:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T19:50:20","slug":"looking-at-steven-mithens-book-2024-the-language-puzzle-part-6-of-23","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=9566","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Steven Mithen’s Book (2024) “The Language Puzzle” (Part 6 of 23)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

0042 Here is a picture of the perspective-level that the biologist introduces with his explicit abstraction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0043 On the content level, the normal context of a match3a<\/sub> brings the actuality of the dyad, {one edge [fits into] other edge}2a<\/sub> into relation with the potential of ‘locking in’1a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the situation level, the normal context of wholeness3b<\/sub> brings the actuality of the dyad, {assemblies [fit with] one another}2b<\/sub> into relation with the possibilities of ‘assembling sections’1b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the perspective level, the modern biologist explicitly denotes the possibility of ‘a big picture’1c<\/sub>, that carries the message<\/em> that biology accounts for the underlying two-level interscope1c<\/sub>.  If the ability to solve cognitive challenges in order to get to a reward2c<\/sub><\/em> could speak, it would say, “I am a manifestation of general intelligence.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0044 This implies that the discipline of biology identifies2c<\/sub> a big-picture1c<\/sub> (as message1c<\/sub><\/em>) contextualizing the underlying sensible construction (as presence1c<\/sub><\/em>) as a niche (as meaning1c<\/sub><\/em>), within the normal context of primate natural selection3c<\/sub><\/em>.  Natural selection3c<\/sub> acts like a definition3c<\/sub>.  One label for the adaptation2c<\/sub> is “general intelligence”2c<\/sub>.  Or, maybe, the label is “solving challenges”2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uh oh, does that make sense?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a picture of what I just said<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The perspective-level actuality2c<\/sub> is an adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, the word, “adaptation”2c<\/sub>, implicates the entire nested form<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is that what is displaced?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The entire nested form?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0043 Hmmm, should I mention that only spoken words<\/em> can apply labels that serve as explicit abstractions?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manual-brachial word gestures<\/em> do not apply labels.  Instead, they offer iconic and indexal sign-relations<\/em> that holistically yield implicit abstractions<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In short, the modern biologist<\/em> performs displacement<\/em> for monkeys and apes through explicit abstractions<\/em> based on the disciplinary terminology of contemporary science<\/em> (circa 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Lebenswelt that we evolved in, hominins<\/em> somehow figure out how to engage in displacement<\/em> (that is, use words), without the advantage of explicit abstractions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0044 The problem with using the jigsaw puzzle as a literal analogy,<\/em> rather than as a metaphor for what the biologist is doing in the name of evolutionary science,<\/em> starts with this observation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speech-alone talk<\/em> facilitates explicit abstraction,<\/em> because spoken words can label anything, even things that cannot be pictured and pointed to<\/em>.  In other words, speech-alone talk<\/em> always and automatically engages in displacement<\/em>.  So, how can a symptom<\/em> explain the cause that produces it?<\/em>  It can only do so if a symptom<\/em> pretends to harbor its own cause<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0045 Say what?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without displacement,<\/em> the spoken word<\/em> does not exist. But, displacement<\/em> can exist without the spoken word<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Displacement<\/em> can exist when a manual-brachial gesture<\/em> serves as an icon or an index<\/em> (that is, a natural sign) of its referent<\/em>.  The referent<\/em> exists before the gesture-word<\/em>.  The word-gesture<\/em> pictures or points to its referent,<\/em> even if the referent is not present.  Yes, that sounds like “displacement” to me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0046 What does this suggest?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, Mithen’s text<\/em> projects “displacement” into the sensible construction that describes how both words and jigsaw puzzle pieces share similar natures. <\/em>So, the biosemiotician in me (see Razie Mah’s blogs for January through June, 2025, collected into the e-books, Biosemiotics As Noumenon, 1 though 3,<\/em> available at smashwords and other e-book venues)…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0047 …offers a biosemiotic version<\/em> of the perspective level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The perspective-level normal context of natural selection3c<\/sub><\/em> brings the actuality of displacement (as an adaptation)2c<\/sub><\/em>into relation with the potential of ‘the hominin niche, an evolutionary big-picture, and the discipline of biosemiotics’1c<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Does this option appear more elegant?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surely, the iconicity and indexality of manual-brachial gestures<\/em> offers a realistic path<\/em> for bipedal australopithecines<\/em> to perform displacement.<\/em>  A manual-brachial gesture<\/em> can image (pantomime) or indicate (point to) a referent,<\/em> even when the referent is not present.  It does so because it is a natural sign of the referent<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0048 Of course, Mithen comes to an alternate conclusion in the section (in chapter four) titled “Are ape-gestures the equivalent of words?”.  He rules out the option that language evolves in the milieu of manual-brachial gestures, rather than vocalizations.  Why?  Well, the gestural option does not explain why all civilized folk practice speech-alone talk<\/em>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

0049 Okay, somehow, in human evolution, the oral-auditory system<\/em> gets drawn into fully linguistic hand-talk<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And then, maybe, a hominin species practices<\/em> this weird hybrid, hand-speech talk,<\/em> for hundreds of thousands of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And then, almost miraculously, two of these many hand-speech talking cultures<\/em> get forced, by circumstances, into the same territory,<\/em> where they don’t fight, but rather interbreed.  In doing so, they end up with a pidgin,<\/em> then a creole,<\/em> and this creole<\/em> doesn’t have a hand-talk-component anymore.<\/em>  That one culture<\/em> is the first to practice speech-alone talk<\/em>.  Also, that culture creates one of the first civilizations<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0050 Oh, yeah.  That option is totally outrageous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0051 Mithen has other reasons for rejecting consideration of gestural origins of language<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apes do not engage in iconic gestures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How would apes distinguish one iconic gesture from another?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The highly specialized nature of human anatomy and neurology for speaking and listening<\/em> implies a very slow and gradual evolution.  What could have caused these changes in the anatomy of the vocal tract<\/em> and in the neurology of voluntary control of the voice<\/em> if language has already evolved in the milieu of hand talk?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

0052 On these bases, Mithen focuses only on vocalization as the pathway to language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which is sort of funny, because this examiner will apply Mithen’s insights to manual-brachial gestures as… um… the milieu in which language evolves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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