{"id":8899,"date":"2025-03-11T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8899"},"modified":"2024-12-15T21:37:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T21:37:35","slug":"looking-at-alexei-sharov-and-morten-tonnessens-chapter-2021-agency-in-non-human-organisms-part-2-of-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8899","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Alexei Sharov and Morten Tonnessen&#8217;s Chapter (2021) &#8220;Agency In Non-Human Organisms&#8221; (Part 2 of 7)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0541 In section 4.2, the authors discuss the prokaryotes.&nbsp;&nbsp;These single-celled organisms are independent and fierce.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the most part, they operate exclusively.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, they do have moments of compatibility, due to horizontal gene transfer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I once got a bacterial infection after&#8230; you know&#8230; having fun in the foolish ways of a human contractile vacuole.&nbsp;&nbsp;My body did all it could to exclude the damn things.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, they won and&#8230; what is that?.. you call it &#8220;penicillin&#8221;?&#8230; then I was miraculously cured.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, I learned a lesson.&nbsp;&nbsp;No more having fun in ways that I can get bacterial infections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0542 In section 4.3, the authors discuss the eukaryotic transition.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here, the second column comes into play, because eukaryotes look like big bags of specialized prokaryotes.&nbsp;&nbsp;The impediments to prokaryotic incorporation are enormous.&nbsp;So, empedoclements seem to be miraculous &#8211; not in the way that some people define &#8220;miracle&#8221; as &#8220;something that is not physically possible&#8221;, but in the way that a miracle is simultaneous foretold and unexpected.&nbsp;&nbsp;The empedoclement is the inverse of an impediment.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is as unlikely as an impediment is likely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The eukaryotic cell is so complicated, compared to prokaryotes, that I find it hard to imagine how a transition from prokaryote to eukaryote could have happened.&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain prokaryotes, at first independent and great at doing one metabolic trick or another, found that they are compatible.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, they incorporate and form an agent.&nbsp;&nbsp;The agent reproduces.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Agents that are most capable of aligning<\/em>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<em>all the former prokaryotes,<\/em>&nbsp;reproduce more successfully than&nbsp;<em>others<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0543 Here is a picture that may look familiar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide172.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide172.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide172.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide172-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0544 Even though the eukaryotic cell lives in the outside world, the cell as agent acts as though it is the outside world to all the organelles.&nbsp;&nbsp;The organelles end up fully domesticated.&nbsp;&nbsp;They all live in the big house&#8230; er&#8230; cell.&nbsp;&nbsp;And, they cannot leave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, a eukaryote will &#8220;ingest&#8221; a prokaryote and not &#8220;digest&#8221; it.&nbsp;&nbsp;The prokaryote turns out to perform a task that benefits the eukaryote.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mitochondria and chloroplasts come to mind.&nbsp;&nbsp;Once, ingested, the cell can exploit a compatibility, leading to incorporation, rather than digestion (which is a type of exclusion that um&#8230; when I think about it&#8230; is also an incorporation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0545 In section 4.4, the authors discuss multicellularity within the eukaryotic tradition.&nbsp;&nbsp;At the beginning, this looks like the second column at play, at least to the point that when the multicellular organism dies, its subagent cells die with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you think about it, the whole proposition is madness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a multicellular agent dies, every cell dies with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is so unfair, unless every cell in a multicellular organism is fully &#8220;domesticated&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It makes me think that maybe it may not be so awesome to be fully domesticated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0546 So, perhaps it is only to be expected that&nbsp;<em>a specialized organ<\/em>&nbsp;would be tasked with keeping the animal alive by&nbsp;<em>interacting with both the environment and the body<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;A nervous system allows the environment and ecology to um&#8230; &#8220;domesticate&#8221;&#8230; the animal as agent, in so far as an animal lives and reproduces in an environment (material world) and ecology (relational world).&nbsp;&nbsp;Both offer &#8220;affordances&#8221;, that is, actualities<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;that can be exploited or need to be avoided<sub>1b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0547 Section 4.5 discusses&nbsp;<em>the nature of the nervous system in animals<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, the nervous system specializes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Its goal is to keep the animal alive by interacting with environment, ecology and body.&nbsp;&nbsp;Consequently, the nervous system must behave as if it is an agent.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, it is really a subagent of the animal as an agent.&nbsp;&nbsp;Up to around seven million years ago, this was not a problem.&nbsp;&nbsp;Not even the chimpanzee really considers that there is a biological subsystem that behaves as if it is the whole system, even through it is not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0548 It&#8217;s like my macronuclear boss, so keen on the inner workings of conflict and cooperation, strife and love, that he thinks that he is the institution&#8230; or is it?&#8230; the organization.&nbsp;&nbsp;Hmmm, institution sounds like agent.&nbsp;&nbsp;Organization sounds like a multitude of subagents, like myself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0549 The authors do not dwell on the awkward position that the nervous system finds itself in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide173.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide173.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8901\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide173.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide173-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The nervous system is like an institution.&nbsp;&nbsp;The body is like its organization.&nbsp;&nbsp;All the organs, tissues and cells are like individuals in community, who are not aware that&#8230; if the community goes&#8230; they go with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0550 Should&nbsp;<em>the three logics of thirdness<\/em>&nbsp;<em>for the nervous system<\/em>&nbsp;operate differently from earlier cases where an animal is the agent?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I suppose so, since the nervous system represents &#8220;the agent&#8221; within the environment and ecology.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here the logics of exclusion, complementarity and alignment sound like ways to survive where natural selection is the normal context.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Exclusion<\/em>&nbsp;goes with&nbsp;<em>the fact that everyone is on the menu<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Specialization<\/em>&nbsp;associates to&nbsp;<em>various tricks that a species masters in order to exploit the environment or ecology and to avoid&#8230; back to the menu business<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Differentiation<\/em>&nbsp;keys into&nbsp;<em>a very funny innovation that the multicellular lineage discovers that gets around the problem of all the cells dying when the big house fails<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0551 Yes, I am talking about&nbsp;<em>sexual differentiation<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Talk about&nbsp;<em>empedoclements!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0552 But, I am talking about&nbsp;<em>the nervous system,<\/em>&nbsp;which has to take various urges into account, because it is also a subagent, even though it regards itself as &#8220;the agent&#8221;, and performs its duties reasonably well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exactly who (or what) is &#8220;the agent&#8221; in a multicellular organization?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0553 The nervous system represents the environment and the ecology to &#8220;the agent&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;The nervous system moves &#8220;the agent&#8221; within the environment and the ecology.&nbsp;&nbsp;Plus, the nervous system represents all the subagents of the body to &#8220;the agent&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;And, the nervous system monitors the subunits of the body for &#8220;the agent&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;And, on top of all this, the nervous system is totally unaware that it is a subagent of &#8220;the agent&#8221; that it pretends to be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0554 To me, it is hard to imagine that evolutionary processes would produce something so hilarious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0541 In section 4.2, the authors discuss the prokaryotes.&nbsp;&nbsp;These single-celled organisms are independent and fierce.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the most part, they operate exclusively.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, they do have moments of compatibility, due to horizontal gene transfer. I once got a bacterial infection after&#8230; you know&#8230; having fun in the foolish ways of a human contractile vacuole.&nbsp;&nbsp;My body did all [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Alexei Sharov and Morten Tonnessen&#039;s Chapter (2021) &quot;Agency In Non-Human Organisms&quot; (Part 2 of 7) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8899\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Alexei Sharov and Morten Tonnessen&#039;s Chapter (2021) &quot;Agency In Non-Human Organisms&quot; (Part 2 of 7) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0541 In section 4.2, the authors discuss the prokaryotes.&nbsp;&nbsp;These single-celled organisms are independent and fierce.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the most part, they operate exclusively.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, they do have moments of compatibility, due to horizontal gene transfer. 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