{"id":8749,"date":"2025-02-19T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8749"},"modified":"2024-12-14T19:35:27","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T19:35:27","slug":"biosemiotics-and-the-origins-of-life-on-earth-part-3-of-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8749","title":{"rendered":"Biosemiotics and the Origins of Life on Earth (Part 3 of 8)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0286&nbsp;<em>An example that is closer to Tabaczek&#8217;s argument<\/em>&nbsp;sounds much less lame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitochondria produce ATP from sugar and oxygen.&nbsp;&nbsp;I breathe in order to supply oxygen to my mitochondria.&nbsp;&nbsp;I eat toast in order to supply the sugar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0287 Outside the body,&nbsp;<em>the reaction of sugar with oxygen<\/em>&nbsp;is called &#8220;combustion&#8221;<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inside the body,&nbsp;<em>the degradation of sugar into carbon dioxide and water<\/em>&nbsp;belongs to&nbsp;<em>the Kreb&#8217;s cycle<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The combination of atomic hydrogen (released by the degradation of sugar) with molecular oxygen<\/em>&nbsp;is called&nbsp;<em>the mitochondrial electron transport chain<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;These separated reactions both produce ATP<sub>2b<\/sub>, a high-energy molecule that, given enough time, will degrade back to ADP and P<sub>i<\/sub>&nbsp;(inorganic phosphate).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0288 ATP<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;is one of the currencies of the cell.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>All sorts of biosynthetic routes and transportation mechanisms<sub>3c<\/sub>&nbsp;within a eukaryotic cell<\/em>&nbsp;will take the ATP, which has three covalently bound phosphates, then pop off the last phosphate<sub>1b<\/sub>, and use&nbsp;<em>the released energy<\/em>&nbsp;to do biochemical or kinetic work<sub>2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0289 Here is a picture of the Deacon-Tabaczek interscope for mitochondria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide089.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide089.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide089.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide089-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0290 On the adjusted thermodynamic or content level, the normal context of orthograde reactions<sub>3a<\/sub>&nbsp;brings the actuality of the transfer of electrons from sugar to oxygen<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;(yielding water and carbon dioxide)<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;into relation with the potential of &#8216;the chemistry of glucose and oxygen&#8217;<sub>1a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the homeodynamic level, the normal context of cellular matrix and mitochondria<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;bring the actuality of ATP (as an emergent being)<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;into relation with the potential of &#8216;the Kreb&#8217;s cycle and the mitochondrial electron-transport chain&#8217;<sub>1b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the morphodynamic level, the normal context of staying alive<sub>3c<\/sub>&nbsp;brings the actuality of biosynthesis and cellular transport<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;into relation with the potential of &#8216;utilizing the controlled degradation of ATP in order to do work&#8217;<sub>1c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0291 Now, I turn to biosemiotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recall that&nbsp;<em>Sharov and Tonnessen&#8217;s noumenal overlay<\/em>&nbsp;presents&nbsp;<em>the triadic specifying sign-relation<\/em>&nbsp;(connecting situation and content levels of an interscope)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8230;as a dyadic relational structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide090.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide090.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide090.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide090-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0292 A specifying sign-relation also stands within the interscope for emergence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The specifying sign-relation stands out when ATP<sub>2b<\/sub>, as an emergent being, associates to the specifying sign-object (SO<sub>s<\/sub>).&nbsp;&nbsp;then, other elements of&nbsp;<em>the interscope for mitochondrial respiration<\/em>&nbsp;fall into slots in&nbsp;<em>the S&amp;T noumenal overlay<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide091.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide091.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide091.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Slide091-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0286&nbsp;An example that is closer to Tabaczek&#8217;s argument&nbsp;sounds much less lame. Mitochondria produce ATP from sugar and oxygen.&nbsp;&nbsp;I breathe in order to supply oxygen to my mitochondria.&nbsp;&nbsp;I eat toast in order to supply the sugar. 0287 Outside the body,&nbsp;the reaction of sugar with oxygen&nbsp;is called &#8220;combustion&#8221;2a. Inside the body,&nbsp;the degradation of sugar into carbon dioxide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Biosemiotics and the Origins of Life on Earth (Part 3 of 8) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8749\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biosemiotics and the Origins of Life on Earth (Part 3 of 8) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0286&nbsp;An example that is closer to Tabaczek&#8217;s argument&nbsp;sounds much less lame. 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