{"id":8341,"date":"2024-11-25T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8341"},"modified":"2024-06-29T13:23:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T13:23:48","slug":"looking-at-daniel-houcks-book-2020-aquinas-original-sin-and-the-challenge-of-evolution-part-6-of-23","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8341","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Houck&#8217;s Book (2020) &#8220;Aquinas, Original Sin and the Challenge of Evolution&#8221; (Part 6 of 23)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0059 Okay, back to&nbsp;<em>the is-it-still-living turtle<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It has yet to start um&#8230; becoming less fresh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is on the table, but no one in&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt<\/em>&nbsp;knows what to do with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Back in&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>, I suspect that we would just eat it without delay.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, we would take it back to camp and throw it in the fire.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, everyone would eat it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sharing food is&nbsp;<em>one of the hominin&#8217;s adaptations<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0060 At this juncture, two interscopes are presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;Human subjectivity ends the previous section.&nbsp;&nbsp;Divine suprasubjectivity starts this section.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, is it the other way around?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture of&nbsp;<em>what I know so far<\/em>, as it applies to&nbsp;<em>prelapsarian Adam and the images of God in the Creation Story,<\/em>associating to&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide15-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide15-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide15-5.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide15-5-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0061 When I open the scroll of Genesis, I first encounter&nbsp;<em>the Creation Story.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;The Creation Story ends at Genesis 2.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, I read into&nbsp;<em>the story of the Garden of Eden,<\/em>&nbsp;starting at Genesis 2.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Adam and Eve<\/em>&nbsp;are specially created in the Garden of Eden.&nbsp;&nbsp;Should I suppose they must be&nbsp;<em>the Creation Story people who come forth as images of God?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saint Augustine presumes this to be the case.&nbsp;&nbsp;Adam and Eve are the first humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;That means that all humans are direct descendants of this original pair.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Augustine&#8217;s construction of original sin<\/em>&nbsp;currently comes under fire by evolutionary biologists, because there is no evidence for a genetic bottleneck of the magnitude expected from a species arising from two individuals, male and female.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, biological research cannot hold a candle to Augustine&#8217;s literary flame.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, they rely on the oxygen-deprivation of scientific respectability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Augustine is the first theologian to propose&nbsp;<em>a mechanism for the transmission of original sin<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Technically speaking, that mechanism is not plausible, given modern science.&nbsp;&nbsp;Surely, Augustine&#8217;s words capture the imagination.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, in the era of science&#8230; gasp&#8230; they cannot breathe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0062 That is not all.&nbsp;&nbsp;Despite the asphyxiation of scientific discourse, I have my own petty criticisms.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here is one.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Creation Story says that God created&nbsp;<em>them<\/em>, male and female.&nbsp;&nbsp;Adam and Eve are not &#8220;they&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Story of the Garden of Eden cleverly starts with &#8220;them&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;The name, &#8220;Adam&#8221;, means (more or less), &#8220;Earthman&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;<em>Adamah<\/em>&#8221; is a general term for &#8220;humanity&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, the drama ends up with the eviction of two pathetic individuals from the presence of the tree of life.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, Adam and Eve turn out to be real people, who are remembered in a fairy tale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0063 Back to the previous figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the God-eye point of view, the human niche<sub>1a<\/sub>&nbsp;virtually underlies&nbsp;<em>the potential for appreciating humans as images of God<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;For biologists, the human niche<sub>1a<\/sub>&nbsp;consists of&nbsp;<em>the potential of triadic relations<sub>1a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Triadic relations are&nbsp;<em>actualities that exist independently of the adapting species<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The human niche<sub>1a<\/sub>&nbsp;is not material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Human sensations and feelings<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;are&nbsp;<em>adaptations that exploit the human niche<sub>1a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Our active bodies and sensate souls<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>serve as&nbsp;<em>instruments for detecting and taking advantage of triadic relations, such as signs<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biologists may be satisfied with&nbsp;<em>this content-level nested form<\/em>, as long as the metaphysical terminology is kept in check.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0064 That check is immediately set aside upon entering the situation level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is another word for&nbsp;<em>the potential of situating our evolved sensations and feelings<sub>2a<\/sub>?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One word is &#8220;creation&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Another term is &#8220;creation of humans in the image of God&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the normal context of the first chapter of Genesis<sub>3b<\/sub>,&nbsp;<em>a phantasm<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>, where&nbsp;<em>a human perceptive soul [informs] its reactive body<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>, emerges from (and situates)&nbsp;<em>creation<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Creation<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>the potential<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;of situating our evolved sensations and feelings<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Genesis portrays humans as images of God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0065 The phantasm<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;is virtually contextualized by original justice<sub>2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the picture is adjusted to fit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide16-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide16-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide16-5.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide16-5-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0066 The bare-bones image of the human, where phantasm<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;virtually situates sensation<sub>2a<\/sub>, seems to arrive from two separate sources, one natural and one divine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The natural source associates to the content level.&nbsp;&nbsp;The natural source is preternatural.&nbsp;&nbsp;It includes nature&#8217;s (as well as our own) significations.&nbsp;&nbsp;The natural source is immaterial, even though it entangles the material world.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our evolved nature is tuned to signs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our hominin ancestors talk in manual-brachial gestures, which image and indicate their referents.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Word-gestures of hand talk<\/em>&nbsp;picture and point to&nbsp;<em>their referents<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our hand talk has&nbsp;<em>the same iconic and indexal semiotic qualities&nbsp;<\/em>as nature&#8217;s significations.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our hand talk joins nature&#8217;s significations.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, it is only sensible to imagine that nature&#8217;s signs are like manual-brachial word gestures.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;Someone&#8221; sign-talks nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The divine source associates to the situation level.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is where&nbsp;<em>God calls His creation, &#8220;good&#8221;<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Creation Story belongs to&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The people who live before the start of our current Lebenswelt<\/em>&nbsp;do not know this story.&nbsp;&nbsp;They know their phantasms, built on&nbsp;<em>an awareness that signs mean something to me<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;There is a certain grace that flows into us, allowing us to imagine that &#8220;someone&#8221; talks to us in the signs of nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0067 Sensations and feelings<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;are both subjective and universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phantasms<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;are objective.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are judged according to their intelligibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Original justice<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;brings these two into relation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0068 Judgement has a triadic structure, consisting of three elements:&nbsp;<em>relation<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>what is<\/em>, and&nbsp;<em>what ought to be<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Original justice<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;names a judgment, where original justice (<em>relation<\/em>) brings the intelligibility of phantasms (<em>what ought to be<\/em>) into relation with the universality of sensations (<em>what is<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uh-oh, &#8220;original justice&#8221; also labels&nbsp;<em>the relation<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okay, to remove the redundancy, I will substitute the term, &#8220;holistic intellect&#8221;, into the slot for&nbsp;<em>relation<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0069 Here is a picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide17-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide17-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide17-5.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide17-5-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0070 In&nbsp;<em>a contemplative judgment<\/em>, each element is not imbued with a Peircean category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order for the contemplative judgment to become actionable, categories must be assigned.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are three elements.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are three categories.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The assignment of two elements<\/em>&nbsp;determines&nbsp;<em>the third<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0071 To me, the holistic intellect (<em>relation<\/em>) goes with thirdness.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Thirdness<\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>the category for triadic relations<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not the only option.&nbsp;&nbsp;If the holistic intellect is fixed, unwavering, unbending and so forth, then original justice (<em>relation<\/em>) would be assigned to&nbsp;<em>the category of secondness, the realm of actuality<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;If the holistic intellect (<em>relatio<\/em>n) is not fixed, and also vague, then it could be associated with&nbsp;<em>firstness, the realm of possibility<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0072 An example of the latter is an &#8220;extra-credit&#8221; question that I put on the final exam in my most difficult courses: &#8220;For 10 points: Guess what I&#8217;m thinking.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, flummoxed students complain, but that is because they would rather not think in terms of judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, they want justice, but they have no judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look at the question.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;Guess&#8221; (<em>relation<\/em>) brings &#8220;what&#8221; (<em>what is<\/em>) into&nbsp;<em>relation<\/em>&nbsp;with &#8220;I&#8217;m thinking&#8221; (<em>what ought to be<\/em>).&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;Guess&#8221; is a&nbsp;<em>relation<\/em>&nbsp;that belongs to firstness, the realm of possibility, because it is indeterminate.&nbsp;&nbsp;That leaves the other two categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;What&#8221; (<em>what is<\/em>) is imbued either with thirdness (the realm of normal contexts, whose logic exhibits exclusion) or secondness (the realm of actuality, whose logic endorses the elimination of contradictions).&nbsp;&nbsp;Once &#8220;what&#8221; (<em>what is<\/em>) is assigned to either thirdness or secondness, then &#8220;I&#8217;m thinking&#8221; (<em>what ought to be<\/em>) gets the last remaining categorical assignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, the question has two correct answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To which many students respond, &#8220;That question is evil.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evil is a privation of a good.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0059 Okay, back to&nbsp;the is-it-still-living turtle.&nbsp;&nbsp;It has yet to start um&#8230; becoming less fresh. It is on the table, but no one in&nbsp;our current Lebenswelt&nbsp;knows what to do with it. Back in&nbsp;the Lebenswelt that we evolved in, I suspect that we would just eat it without delay.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, we would take it back to camp and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Houck&#039;s Book (2020) &quot;Aquinas, Original Sin and the Challenge of Evolution&quot; (Part 6 of 23) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8341\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Houck&#039;s Book (2020) &quot;Aquinas, Original Sin and the Challenge of Evolution&quot; (Part 6 of 23) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0059 Okay, back to&nbsp;the is-it-still-living turtle.&nbsp;&nbsp;It has yet to start um&#8230; becoming less fresh. It is on the table, but no one in&nbsp;our current Lebenswelt&nbsp;knows what to do with it. 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It is on the table, but no one in&nbsp;our current Lebenswelt&nbsp;knows what to do with it. 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