{"id":8316,"date":"2024-11-30T08:00:46","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T08:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8316"},"modified":"2024-06-29T13:11:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T13:11:32","slug":"what-is-the-nature-of-original-justice-as-opposed-to-original-sin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=8316","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Houck&#8217;s Book (2020) &#8220;Aquinas, Original Sin and the Challenge of Evolution&#8221; (Part 1 of 23)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0001 Daniel W. Houck juggles five challenges in his attempt to recover Thomas Aquinas&#8217;s teachings on original sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0002 One, Aquinas does not challenge Augustine&#8217;s mechanism of original sin.&nbsp;&nbsp;Original sin descends through Adam to all humans through human reproduction.&nbsp;&nbsp;Augustine&#8217;s speculation is now on the chopping block, because modern biologists observe no large genetic bottleneck, as required by Augustine&#8217;s proposed scenario.&nbsp;&nbsp;Concupiscence may be undeniable.&nbsp;But, it does not plague humans due to descent from a single ancestral pair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On one hand, original sin cannot be accounted for as&nbsp;<em>a sexually transmitted disease<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand,&nbsp;<em>sexually transmitted diseases<\/em>&nbsp;can, in part, be accounted for by original sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0003 Two, original sin is inextricably tied to&nbsp;<em>a difficult conversation about the fate of the souls of infants and fetuses, who tragically die<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Where do the souls of aborted fetuses go?&nbsp;&nbsp;To the city dump?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0004 Three,&nbsp;<em>the doctrine of original sin<\/em>&nbsp;does not appear in Scripture.&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead, original sin comes from interpreting Scripture.&nbsp;&nbsp;It&#8217;s like the smell of the rotting food.&nbsp;&nbsp;If one reads Scripture and follows the unfolding theodrama with care, one cannot help but conclude with Paul, in his notorious Letter to the Romans, that Adam and Christ are linked.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Scriptures stink of original sin.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yet, the fragrance of redemption overcomes the sordid aromas.&nbsp;&nbsp;That is the Good News.&nbsp;&nbsp;Jesus is a breath of fresh air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0005 Four, despite recent attempts to revive the theology of Thomas Aquinas, his account of original sin remains neglected.&nbsp;&nbsp;There is a reason.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thomas never locks onto a clear and concise reckoning.&nbsp;&nbsp;A hundred years ago, Aquinas&#8217;s thoughts on the matter are debated.&nbsp;&nbsp;Jean Baptiste Kors publishes an in-depth examination under the title,&nbsp;<em>La Justice primitive et le peche originel d&#8217;apres S. Thomas<\/em>&nbsp;(1922).&nbsp;&nbsp;Now, it is crickets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0006 Five, Houck consigns even the crickets to silence, because the crickets never considered Neodarwinism and how it puts Augustine&#8217;s speculation on the chopping block.&nbsp;&nbsp;In light of the shimmering axe of negation poised above the City of God, much less the City of Man, the crickets may silently snicker at Houck&#8217;s promise to tie together Aquinas&#8217;s account of original justice with other areas of the great medieval theologian&#8217;s thought.&nbsp;&nbsp;Does a synthesis matter? After the blade of scientific expertise comes down on&nbsp;<em>the idea that Adam and Eve are the first humans<\/em>, will the executioner call out, &#8220;Next, original justice.&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0006 Already&nbsp;<em>modern theologians<\/em>&nbsp;slink away from&nbsp;<em>the historicity of the Fall<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can they do without&nbsp;<em>this non-scientific nonsense?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Houck does not think so.&nbsp;&nbsp;No responsible Christian theologian thinks so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Houck must juggle these five juggernauts, as if each does not have a life of its own.\u00a0\u00a0What is the secret that brings them into obedient motion, where one goes up while another comes down?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is not to be found in his book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0007 It is to be found in&nbsp;<em>the hypothesis of the first singularity<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The stories of Adam and Eve<\/em>, along with&nbsp;<em>all currently known written origin stories of the ancient Near East<\/em>, point to&nbsp;<em>a recent time-horizon, beyond which civilization cannot see<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They point to&nbsp;<em>the first singularity<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They cannot see beyond this event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ancient myths say, &#8220;Humans are made right before civilization starts.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, archaeologists testify to&nbsp;<em>humans before the time horizon of the first singularity<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Humans walk the earth long before the dawn of history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0008 Is Adam the first human, as suggested by Augustine, as well as by the Genesis text?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If Adam is not the first human, then who is Adam?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adam must be a figure in a fairy tale.&nbsp;&nbsp;The fairy tale may be about an event, or something like an event, hidden in time.&nbsp;We (moderns) do not know much about&nbsp;<em>what came before this event<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;We know more than nothing. Neolithic stone tools that tell us that, after 12,000 years ago, plants become very important as food.&nbsp;&nbsp;The remains of sedentary villages tell us that we learned to give plants as food to the animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Neolithic marks the invention of agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Developed Neolithic combines stockbreeding and agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0009 There is an intimation, in Genesis 1:26-30, of a humanity before Adam.&nbsp;&nbsp;If that is the case, then why does the Story of the Garden of Eden start with God creating Adam from dust and Eve from Adam&#8217;s rib?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oh yeah, the story of the Garden of Eden is a fairy tale.&nbsp;&nbsp;And, a fairy tale may be about an event, or&nbsp;<em>something like an event<\/em>, hidden in time.&nbsp;&nbsp;At the start of this event, Adam busies himself with the garden and names the animals.&nbsp;&nbsp;He gets to contribute a rib to make Eve.&nbsp;&nbsp;He is innocent.&nbsp;&nbsp;So is Eve.&nbsp;&nbsp;Together, they portray&nbsp;<em>everything that the hominins evolved to be<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the garden, there is&nbsp;<em>the tree of life<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This tree is a metaphor for&nbsp;<em>Thomas Aquinas&#8217;s notion of original justice<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is also a metaphor for&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The tree of life<\/em>&nbsp;is a metaphor for&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt where humans are what they evolved to be<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0010 The noumenon of humans, like all animals, is hylomorphic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The word, &#8220;hylomorphe&#8221;, combines two words, &#8220;hyle&#8221; (matter) and &#8220;morphe&#8221; (form).&nbsp;&nbsp;According to&nbsp;<em>Comments on Daniel De Haan&#8217;s Essay (2018) &#8220;Hylomorphism and the New Mechanist Philosophy&#8230;&#8221;<\/em>, Aristotle&#8217;s hylomorphe associates to Peirce&#8217;s category of secondness.&nbsp;&nbsp;Peirce&#8217;s secondness consists in two contiguous real elements.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here, the two real elements are matter and form.&nbsp;&nbsp;The contiguity?&nbsp;&nbsp;May I use the word, &#8220;substance&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The contiguity is placed in brackets.&nbsp;&nbsp;Secondness is denoted by the subscript.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide01-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide01-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide01-5.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Slide01-5-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0001 Daniel W. Houck juggles five challenges in his attempt to recover Thomas Aquinas&#8217;s teachings on original sin. 0002 One, Aquinas does not challenge Augustine&#8217;s mechanism of original sin.&nbsp;&nbsp;Original sin descends through Adam to all humans through human reproduction.&nbsp;&nbsp;Augustine&#8217;s speculation is now on the chopping block, because modern biologists observe no large genetic bottleneck, as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417,210,8,175,455,419,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review","category-empirio-schematics","category-our-current-lebenswelt-is-not-the-lebenswelt-that-we-evolved-in","category-peirce-and-aquinas","category-reverberations-of-the-fall","category-scholastic-interscope-for-the-way-humans-think","category-the-science-of-original-sin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Houck&#039;s Book (2020) &quot;Aquinas, Original Sin and the Challenge of Evolution&quot; 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