{"id":7463,"date":"2024-03-02T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-02T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463"},"modified":"2024-01-08T20:43:38","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T20:43:38","slug":"looking-at-michael-tomasellos-book-2016-a-natural-history-of-human-morality-part-21-of-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 21 of 22)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

0578 What about other research into how human morality came to be?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tomasello sorts current theories<\/em> into three baskets: evolutionary ethics, moral psychology and gene-culture evolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In order to appreciate Tomasello’s view on the contents in each basket, I present (once again), his vision.  The perspective level associates to phenotype.  The content level goes with adaptation.  The intersections previously diagrammed<\/em> are alternate portrayals of situation-level interdependence2b<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0579 Evolutionary ethics<\/em> focuses on reciprocity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of reciprocity<\/em> applies, yet seems insufficient, to an explanation of interdependence2b<\/sub><\/em>.  In Tomasello’s vision, interdependence2b<\/sub> emerges from (and situates) cooperation1b<\/sub>,  in the normal context of cultural selection3b<\/sub>.  Cooperation1b<\/sub> emerges from joint attention2a<\/sub>, in the same way that a situation emerges from content.  Joint attention2a<\/sub>emerges from (and situates) sociogenesis1a<\/sub> in the normal context of natural selection3a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reciprocity<\/em> pertains to the ways that cooperation1b<\/sub> virtually situates sociogenesis1a<\/sub><\/em>. But, reciprocity cannot account for joint attention2a<\/sub>, which directly situates sociogenesis1a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0580 Moral psychology<\/em> investigates prosocial behaviors.  <\/em>Unfortunately, the field has not drawn connections to human evolution.  Tomasello’s vision<\/em> pencils in many connections<\/em>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indeed, Tomasello’s vision<\/em> takes moral psychology<\/em> into vistas beyond the term, “prosocial behaviors”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, here is the virtual nested form in the category of firstness<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Surely, prosocial attitudes are foundational to each of these potentials.  Plus, each of these potentials keys into attitude-associated behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0581 Here is the virtual nested form in the category of secondness<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ah, moral psychology<\/em> models prosocial behaviors<\/em> that potentiate the phenomena<\/em> of these noumena<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0582 Here is the virtual nested form in the category of thirdness<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Oh, moral psychology has nothing to say about these three topics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0583 What does this imply?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moral psychology is a discipline that investigates the phenomena of actualities2<\/sub> that occur within the normal context of three styles of natural selection<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the phenotypic (perspective) level, natural (within culture) selection3c<\/sub> is similar to selective breeding, in which each long-lived successful tradition breeds for individuals who are more and more capable of maintaining its survival<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the cultural (situation) level, each manifestation within a particular social circle competes3b<\/sub> with other manifestations.  For example, one teams competes with other teams in terms of productivity2H<\/sub> and having fun2V<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the adaptation (content) level, natural selection3a<\/sub> brings an adaptation2a<\/sub> into relation with a niche1a<\/sub>.  Tomasello labels the adaptation2a<\/sub>, “joint attention2a<\/sub>“, and its niche1a<\/sub>, “sociogenesis1a<\/sub>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0584 The problem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A niche<\/em> is the potential of an actuality independent of the adapting species<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The actuality independent of the content-level adaptive species<\/em> does not appear in Tomasello’s vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tomasello’s vision<\/em> is like a house<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The actuality independent of the adaptive species<\/em> is like a ghost in the basement<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The union of house and basement<\/em> is called the Tomasello-Mah synthesis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0585 Gene-culture co-evolution<\/em> connects the scientific disciplines of genetics and natural history,<\/em> not as an intersection (as Razie Mah does), but as a three-level interscope<\/em> (as Tomasello does).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following interscope, characterizing gene-culture co-evolution, appears in Looking at Lesley Newson and Peter Richerson’s Book (2021) “The Story of Us”<\/em>.  This examination may be found in Razie Mah’s blog, from July 10 to July 31, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

586 Note how the interscope for gene-culture evolution<\/em> elevates adaptation over phenotype, in the opposite of the way that the interscope for Tomasello’s vision<\/em> elevates phenotype over adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0587 Overall, do any of these three baskets<\/em> contain Tomasello’s vision?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No, just the opposite, Tomasello’s vision<\/em> contains the baskets of evolutionary ethics, moral psychology and gene-culture evolution<\/em>, plus more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The arc of Tomasello’s inquiry<\/em> into the origins of humans<\/em> is notable in this regard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The house of Tomasello’s vision<\/em> is an architectural achievement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet, there is that ghost in the basement<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To that ghost, I now turn. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

0578 What about other research into how human morality came to be? Tomasello sorts current theories into three baskets: evolutionary ethics, moral psychology and gene-culture evolution. In order to appreciate Tomasello’s view on the contents in each basket, I present (once again), his vision.  The perspective level associates to phenotype.  The content level goes with adaptation.  The intersections previously diagrammed are alternate portrayals […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"\nLooking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) "A Natural History of Human Morality" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) "A Natural History of Human Morality" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0578 What about other research into how human morality came to be? Tomasello sorts current theories into three baskets: evolutionary ethics, moral psychology and gene-culture evolution. In order to appreciate Tomasello’s view on the contents in each basket, I present (once again), his vision.  The perspective level associates to phenotype.  The content level goes with adaptation.  The intersections previously diagrammed are alternate portrayals […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04\"},\"headline\":\"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 21 of 22)\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463\"},\"wordCount\":730,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Slide60.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Book Review\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463\",\"name\":\"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) \\\"A Natural History of Human Morality\\\" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Slide60.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Slide60.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Slide60.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=7463#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 21 of 22)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"An Archaeology of the Fall\",\"description\":\"A Horror Story by Razie Mah\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.raziemah.com\\\/blog\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) \"A Natural History of Human Morality\" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) \"A Natural History of Human Morality\" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall","og_description":"0578 What about other research into how human morality came to be? Tomasello sorts current theories into three baskets: evolutionary ethics, moral psychology and gene-culture evolution. In order to appreciate Tomasello’s view on the contents in each basket, I present (once again), his vision.  The perspective level associates to phenotype.  The content level goes with adaptation.  The intersections previously diagrammed are alternate portrayals […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463","og_site_name":"An Archaeology of the Fall","article_published_time":"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04"},"headline":"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 21 of 22)","datePublished":"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463"},"wordCount":730,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png","articleSection":["Book Review"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463","url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463","name":"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) \"A Natural History of Human Morality\" (Part 21 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png","datePublished":"2024-03-02T08:00:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide60.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7463#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 21 of 22)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/","name":"An Archaeology of the Fall","description":"A Horror Story by Razie Mah","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ad695f570ebd1b2a6f85c4ac5badcd04","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13f66383028a15bc9f1f6f30c43ce372a5a073cb8ec7f9069fa5158a183efe4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"url":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7463"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7469,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7463\/revisions\/7469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}