{"id":7456,"date":"2024-03-04T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7456"},"modified":"2024-01-08T20:41:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T20:41:09","slug":"looking-at-michael-tomasellos-book-2016-a-natural-history-of-human-morality-part-20-of-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7456","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Michael Tomasello’s Book (2016) “A Natural History of Human Morality” (Part 20 of 22)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

0564 Chapter Five, the second to last chapter, is titled, “Human Morality as Cooperation-Plus”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation-Plus?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makes me wonder what is cooking<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0565 Two evolutionary steps occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first corresponds to a transition from individual foraging in bands in tropical forests<\/em> to obligate collaborative foraging in mixed forest and savannah<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second corresponds to what happens when more and more teams become successful after the domestication of fire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0566 Here is a list of three eras and two steps<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0567 Tomasello writes in our current Lebenswelt<\/em> about the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>.  Tomasello proposes explicit abstractions to account for developments in a living world of implicit abstractions<\/em>.  An evolutionary anthropologist may understand his terminology, but an ancestor<\/em> would stand befuddled.  What do these technical terms picture or point to?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0568 The advantage of Peircean diagrams<\/em> over the specialized terminology of evolutionary anthropology<\/em> is clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The category-based nested form<\/em> has three elements: normal context, actuality and potential.  A spoken word is an actuality2<\/sub>.  In the normal context of definition3<\/sub> this actuality emerges from (and situates) three potentials: meaning, presence and message, corresponding to Peirce’s categories of thirdness, secondness and firstness, respectively.  This is the proposition underlying the masterwork, How To Define The Word “Religion”,<\/em> by Razie Mah, available at smashwords and other e-book venues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diagrams provide a presence1<\/sub> that definitions3<\/sub> of technical terms2<\/sub> in evolutionary anthropology currently presume to be present<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0569 For example, what does the term, “caramelization”, presume to be present?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One needs to have a recipe in hand<\/em> to know.  Each category-based diagram<\/em> follows a recipe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results are delicious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0570  Our current Lebenswelt,<\/em> full of spoken words and explicit abstractions, is not the same as the Lebenswelt that we evolved in,<\/em> full of hand-talk, hand-speech talk and implicit abstractions.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

0571 So, I summarize by visualizing how our current Lebenswelt<\/em> views the intersection of the group for each era of intentionality<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

0572 Here is the intersection for the zeroth era<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The band2<\/sub> is necessary for protection against predators.  Individuals compete within this constraint.  They compete for establishment power, that is, a place in their hierarchies.  They compete for alliances, affiliations where others are on my side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a world without justice and without fairness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or maybe, “justice” is me having a place in a hierarchy<\/em> and “fairness” is me having others on my side<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0573 Next is the intersection for the first era<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The team2<\/sub> is the vehicle for collaborative foraging<\/em>.  Collaborative foraging is unavoidable, because each individual cannot successfully forage the foods that other species either ignore or cannot get to.  Teams are required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Successful teams are productive.  Everyone in a successful team gets along with everyone else.  How do I know this?  The team is having fun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, the ambiguous term, “having fun”, does not crop up in the vocabulary of evolutionary anthropologists.  Perhaps, it should.  Another word might be “camaraderie”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0574 Next is an intersection for the second era<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0575 One irony is that the term, “establishment3H<\/sub>“, cannot be stated in hand-talk or hand-speech talk.  Neither can the word, “institution3H<\/sub>“.  Plus, the term, “social circle3H<\/sub>“, seems inadequate, since there is a third person<\/em> that is conjured in each manifestation of a social circle<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An institution<\/em> is a individual writ large<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, the community (150) contains several bands (50), many teams (15) and many many families (5) and deep friendships (5).  Also, the community (150) is contained within mega-bands (450) that meet according to seasons and tribes (1500) that meet either according to the stars or by the bidding of messengers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Each manifestation of a social circle2<\/sub><\/em> feels like a person writ large<\/em>, that is, someoneC<\/sub> who interpellates individualsA<\/sub> to come into organizationB<\/sub>.  IndividualsA<\/sub> enjoy societal identityC<\/sub>.  OrganizationsB<\/sub> pursue their objectivesC<\/sub>.  The successes and the failures of those pursuitsB<\/sub> empower individualsA<\/sub> who are deserving and disempower individualsA<\/sub> who are less so. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

0575 But, that is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once again, here is an intersection for the second era<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0576 Here, the individual in community2<\/sub><\/em> is a single actuality constituted by suprasubjective judgments2H<\/sub> and social circles2V<\/sub>.  Conviction2H<\/sub> emerges from and situates the potential of something more than deservingness1H<\/sub><\/em> in the normal context of establishment3H<\/sub>.  Social circles2V<\/sub> emerge from and situate the potential of something more than mutual respect and trust1V<\/sub><\/em> in the normal context of alliance3V<\/sub>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

An individual in community<\/em> is an institution writ small<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0577 Given the prior four figures, the inquirer can trace the presence of the philosophical terms, “justice1H<\/sub>” and “fairness1H<\/sub>” backwards through human evolution, to the LCA.  The exercise is well worth the effort.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

0564 Chapter Five, the second to last chapter, is titled, “Human Morality as Cooperation-Plus” Cooperation-Plus? Makes me wonder what is cooking. 0565 Two evolutionary steps occur. The first corresponds to a transition from individual foraging in bands in tropical forests to obligate collaborative foraging in mixed forest and savannah. The second corresponds to what happens when more and more teams […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"\nLooking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) "A Natural History of Human Morality" (Part 20 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7456\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Michael Tomasello's Book (2016) "A Natural History of Human Morality" (Part 20 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0564 Chapter Five, the second to last chapter, is titled, “Human Morality as Cooperation-Plus” Cooperation-Plus? 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