{"id":7376,"date":"2024-03-21T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7376"},"modified":"2024-01-08T19:51:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T19:51:12","slug":"looking-at-michael-tomasellos-book-2016-a-natural-history-of-human-morality-part-5-of-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7376","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Michael Tomasello&#8217;s Book (2016) &#8220;A Natural History of Human Morality&#8221; (Part 5 of 22)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0433 Here is another picture of&nbsp;<em>the intersection for the band,<\/em>&nbsp;during Era 1, lasting between 7 and 3.5Myr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide14-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide14-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide14-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide14-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Am I joking?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Put &#8220;family, &#8220;friends&#8221; or &#8220;band&#8221; in for &#8220;interdependence<sub>2b<\/sub>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0433 With this in mind, I examine the remainder of chapter two, starting with the subheading, &#8220;Great Ape Cooperation&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The LCA, typical of great apes, is built for competition within a band.&nbsp;&nbsp;Apes compete for food and nice places to nest.&nbsp;&nbsp;Male apes compete for female apes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Hierarchies get established and promote all sorts of Machiavellian cognitive traits.&nbsp;&nbsp;Did I say Machiavelli?&nbsp;&nbsp;Machiavelli titles one of his books,&nbsp;<em>The Prince<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Does that title sound like establishment<sub>3H<\/sub>&nbsp;or alliance<sub>3V<\/sub>?&nbsp;&nbsp;Hmmm, maybe it sounds like both.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alliances are more than friendships and grooming partnerships, they contribute to conflicts in which the hierarchy may be challenged.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alliances also diffuse the same conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0434 Machiavelli does not promote morality.&nbsp;&nbsp;He does not counsel justice and fairness.&nbsp;&nbsp;He promotes&nbsp;<em>using the morality of others to advance one&#8217;s positional power<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0435 So, why would not everyone adopt Machiavellian principles?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>One of the moments when Machiavellian individual intentionality does not apply<\/em>&nbsp;occurs when&nbsp;<em>one group (or band)<\/em>threatens&nbsp;<em>another<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Such a crisis may destroy established powers<sub>2H<\/sub>&nbsp;and affiliations<sub>2V<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;An affirmation must be made.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, there is justice in having a place in the heirarchy<sub>1H<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;There is fairness in having others on my side<sub>1V<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, in times of war,&nbsp;<em>the artifices<sub>2H,2V<\/sub>&nbsp;of Machiavellian propositions<\/em>&nbsp;fall away, and&nbsp;<em>the potentials<sub>1H,1V<\/sub>&nbsp;that culture selects for<sub>3b<\/sub><\/em>, supporting&nbsp;<em>the actuality of our interdependence<sub>2b<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;show&nbsp;<em>their adaptive potential<sub>1b<\/sub>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0436&nbsp;<em>The group<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;adapts into&nbsp;<em>the niche of cooperation<sub>1b<\/sub>, the potential of joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;by practicing&nbsp;<em>ways of living<\/em>where each member has a place in the hierarchies<sub>1H<\/sub>&nbsp;and has others on his and her side<sub>1V<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0437&nbsp;<em>The group<sub>2<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a mystery<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The natural history of morality<\/em>&nbsp;entails&nbsp;<em>the evolution of the purely relational structure that characterizes the presence underlying the word, &#8220;religion&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0438 Once again, here is&nbsp;<em>a picture of Tomasello&#8217;s vision<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide15-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide15-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide15-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide15-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0439 Okay, the following segment may seem to be a distraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, from here to point 0443 constitutes a distraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are there lessons here that apply to&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, at the conclusion of&nbsp;<em>the Age of Ideas,<\/em>&nbsp;there are psychics, scientists and sociopaths who portray themselves as&nbsp;<em>beings of greater awareness and enlightenment<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;These experts<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;want to select<sub>3a<\/sub>&nbsp;for a new humanity<sub>1a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On what basis?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0440 First, they<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;consider&nbsp;<em>all traditional civilized traditions<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;to be social constructions, rather than&nbsp;<em>evolved products of group selection<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because they<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;are&nbsp;<em>devotees of postmodern science<\/em>&nbsp;(which includes the natural and the social as well as the psychometric), they imagine that they can design<sub>3b<\/sub>&nbsp;novel establishments<sub>3H<\/sub>, based on their organizational objectives<sub>1c<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;These bureaucracies<sub>3H<\/sub>&nbsp;will replace current unscientific and superstition-filled institutions<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;and denature countervailing reactionary groups<sub>2b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short,&nbsp;<em>the most certified among us<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;propose&nbsp;<em>institutional selection<sub>3b<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;based on&nbsp;<em>a type of cooperation<sub>1b<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;defined as&nbsp;<em>the potential<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;of everyone paying attention<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<em>the society that they want to create<sub>1a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another name for that potential<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;is &#8220;legitimacy<sub>1b<\/sub>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide16-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide16-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide16-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide16-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0441 Second,&nbsp;<em>their organizational objectives<sub>1c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;critique&nbsp;<em>all traditions<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;on the bases of power<sub>2H<\/sub>&nbsp;and race<sub>2V<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The term, &#8220;power&#8221;, entails&nbsp;<em>an appointed position<\/em>&nbsp;in any organization.&nbsp;&nbsp;The term, &#8220;race&#8221;, is code for &#8220;tribe&#8221;, where &#8220;tribe&#8221; is defined by&nbsp;<em>adherence to a particular organizational objective<sub>1c<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Awareness<sub>1c<\/sub>&nbsp;of power<sub>2H<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is supported by&nbsp;<em>a specific version of justice<sub>1H<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Individuals belonging to any of the designated &#8220;races&#8221; or &#8220;tribes&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;do not have a home in the any traditional hierarchy<sub>1H<\/sub>, even though they may be appointed to long-established institutional positions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Fixation<sub>1c<\/sub>&nbsp;on power<sub>2H<\/sub>&nbsp;breeds resentment.&nbsp;&nbsp;Resentment creates what is called, &#8220;resilience&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>the tenacity of knowing that the expert is righteous and others are not<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;James Corney calls it<sub>1H<\/sub>&nbsp;&#8220;a higher loyalty&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Awareness<sub>1c&nbsp;<\/sub>of affiliation<sub>2V<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is supported by&nbsp;<em>a particular version of fairness<sub>1V<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Individuals belonging to opposing &#8220;races&#8221; or &#8220;tribes&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;(that is, people who do not ideate&nbsp;<em>the revelations of the psychometric sciences<\/em>) cannot be on the side<sub>1V<\/sub>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<em>the expert-designated &#8220;races&#8221; or &#8220;tribes&#8221;<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Fixation<sub>1c&nbsp;<\/sub>on affiliation<sub>2V<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;breeds alienation<sub>1V<\/sub>&nbsp;(<em>the conviction that the opposing &#8220;races&#8221; or &#8220;tribes&#8221; can never be fair, that is, &#8220;on my side&#8221;<\/em>).&nbsp;&nbsp;Alienation is followed by coalescence<sub>1V<\/sub>&nbsp;into a theoretically defined &#8220;tribe&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide17-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide17-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide17-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Slide17-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Interdependence<sub>2b<\/sub>&#8221; transforms into &#8220;dependence on us, the experts<sub>2b<\/sub>&#8220;.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, both terms are too lengthy to fit into the above diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, the word, &#8220;group<sub>2b<\/sub>&#8221; must do.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0442 Third,&nbsp;<em>awareness-driven fixation on organizational objectives<sub>1c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;mandates&nbsp;<em>the authority of the state<\/em>&nbsp;to act on behalf of&nbsp;<em>the enlightened beings<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;,who embody the union of power<sub>2H<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;<em>and tribalism<sub>2V<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>State-promulgated social justice<sub>3c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;promotes&nbsp;<em>programs of mandatory inclusion<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;of tribal members<sub>2H<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;into&nbsp;<em>established positions of authority<sub>2H<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(without&nbsp;<em>an oath of loyalty<\/em>) and demands&nbsp;<em>the recognition of the legitimacy<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;of the academic postulates<sub>3b<\/sub>&nbsp;that contextualize the theoretical construction of novel &#8220;races&#8221;<sub>2V<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Indeed, to become&nbsp;<em>an affiliate of any particular &#8220;tribe&#8221;<sub>2V<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;one must first suffer alienation followed by illumination<em><sub>1V<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0443 What am I talking about?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to see that&nbsp;<em>Tomasello&#8217;s intersection of power<sub>2H<\/sub>&nbsp;and affiliation<sub>2V<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;not only pertains to&nbsp;<em>the era of individual intentionality,<\/em>&nbsp;but also to&nbsp;<em>the living world that academic elites currently strive to create,<\/em>&nbsp;consider the blogs titled,&nbsp;<em>Looking at Gad Saad&#8217;s Book (2020) &#8220;The Parasitic Mind&#8221;,<\/em>&nbsp;by Razie Mah, appearing in the month of April, 2022.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0433 Here is another picture of&nbsp;the intersection for the band,&nbsp;during Era 1, lasting between 7 and 3.5Myr. Am I joking? Put &#8220;family, &#8220;friends&#8221; or &#8220;band&#8221; in for &#8220;interdependence2b&#8220;. 0433 With this in mind, I examine the remainder of chapter two, starting with the subheading, &#8220;Great Ape Cooperation&#8221;. The LCA, typical of great apes, is built [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Michael Tomasello&#039;s Book (2016) &quot;A Natural History of Human Morality&quot; (Part 5 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7376\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Michael Tomasello&#039;s Book (2016) &quot;A Natural History of Human Morality&quot; (Part 5 of 22) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0433 Here is another picture of&nbsp;the intersection for the band,&nbsp;during Era 1, lasting between 7 and 3.5Myr. 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Am I joking? Put &#8220;family, &#8220;friends&#8221; or &#8220;band&#8221; in for &#8220;interdependence2b&#8220;. 0433 With this in mind, I examine the remainder of chapter two, starting with the subheading, &#8220;Great Ape Cooperation&#8221;. 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