{"id":7233,"date":"2024-01-18T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7233"},"modified":"2023-12-30T15:33:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T15:33:21","slug":"this-examination-considers-tomasellos-book-through-semiotic-lens-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=7233","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Michael Tomasello&#8217;s Book (1999) &#8220;The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition&#8221; (Part 12 of 12)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0072 Chapter five is titled, &#8220;Linguistic Construction and Event Cognition&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;The perspective-level linguistic communication<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;participates in ongoing events<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tomasello claims that&nbsp;<em>joint attention<\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>the key adaptation from which subsequent adaptations proceed<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Surely,&nbsp;<em>the three-level interscope<\/em>&nbsp;depicted above does not contradict this claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After all,&nbsp;<em>the evolution of joint attention<\/em>&nbsp;should precede&nbsp;<em>the evolution of linguistic communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0073 However, there is a disjunction, because great apes show few (if any) tendencies that may be characterized by joint attention.&nbsp;&nbsp;Even the occasional monkey hunt by chimpanzees is best characterized by several individuals deciding to pursue the same thing at the same time.&nbsp;&nbsp;The monkey-prey is the focus of attention, but the attention is disjointed, not really coordinated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, there must be a period before&nbsp;<em>the evolution of joint attention,<\/em>&nbsp;where individual intentionality reigns, even when group action takes place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide29-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide29-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide29-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide29-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0074 So, when are these eras happening?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tomasello wants to place&nbsp;<em>the evolution of joint attention<\/em>&nbsp;before the time of&nbsp;<em>Homo heidelbergensis,&nbsp;<\/em>who appears in the fossil record between 800 and 400kyr (thousands of years ago).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To me, this makes sense only so far as this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Homo heidelbergensis<\/em>&nbsp;leaves&nbsp;<em>traces of cultural behavior in the archeological record<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To me,&nbsp;<em>such traces<\/em>&nbsp;indicate that these hominins are in&nbsp;<em>the subsequent build-on era<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, Tomasello&#8217;s timeline may require clarification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0075 Okay, now that I am nitpicking, I must ask, &#8220;Is there a problem with making joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;<em>the foundation of an evolutionary theory?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allow me to return to Tomasello&#8217;s vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide30-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide30-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide30-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide30-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0076 According to&nbsp;<em>Comments on Dennis Venema and Scot McKnight&#8217;s Book (2017) Adam and the Genome<\/em>&nbsp;(by Razie Mah, available at smashwords and other e-book venues), adaptation<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and phenotype<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;belong to two independent scientific disciplines: natural history and genetics.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since both belong to situation-level nested forms that rely on different potentials, one cannot situate or contextualize the other.&nbsp;&nbsp;However, this is precisely what occurs in Tomasello&#8217;s vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course,&nbsp;<em>Tomasello&#8217;s vision<\/em>&nbsp;remains&nbsp;<em>a breakthrough in the framework of modern science<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;At least,&nbsp;<em>the phenotype<\/em>&nbsp;does not correspond to&nbsp;<em>the adaptation<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead, the phenotype<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;puts culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;into perspective.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;virtually situates the adaptation of joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, to repeat, the phenotype<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;does not directly situate the adaptation<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tomasello&#8217;s vision leads upwards from joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;to human culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;and then to human cognitive development<sub>2c<\/sub>. Cognitive development<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;puts culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;into perspective, just as culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;virtually situates joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tomasello&#8217;s vision is truly remarkable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0077 And, it is difficult to achieve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This book is the start of a twenty year journey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0078 As noted in points 0055 through 0058, the last few chapters cover the cultural (situation) and ontogenetic (perspective) levels of Tomasello&#8217;s vision.&nbsp;&nbsp;As far as I can see, these chapters labor to show how human ontogeny<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;(the scientific study of human development) virtually contextualizes human culture<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;(a somewhat vaguely defined term that refers to all situations where joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;pertains).&nbsp;&nbsp;In the process, Tomasello must also explain how human culture<sub>2b<\/sub>, especially spoken language and symbolic representation, virtually emerges from and situates joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How ambitious is that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0079 Here a picture of&nbsp;<em>the virtual nested form in the realm of actuality<\/em>&nbsp;(the vertical column in secondness in Tomasello&#8217;s vision, portrayed as a nested form).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide31-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide31-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide31-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide31-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The normal context of the behavior of newborns and infants<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;virtually brings&nbsp;<em>the actuality of spoken language and symbolic representation<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;<\/em>into&nbsp;<em>the potential of a foundational adaptation<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0080 Yes, this is very ambitious, and the final three chapters of this book strain to meet the challenge.&nbsp;&nbsp;They should be read with this in mind.&nbsp;&nbsp;The last three chapters are well composed.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tomasello is an excellent writer.&nbsp;&nbsp;He is very organized.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, his exposition is like lifting a two-hundred pound octopus out of the water.&nbsp;&nbsp;As soon as one arm is lifted, a different one slides back into the murk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0081 Plus, there is&nbsp;<em>the lingering issue of natural history<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture with Tomasello&#8217;s guesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide32-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide32-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide32-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Slide32-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tomasello makes two associations that make no sense at all, when considering joint attention<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;as an adaptation to sociogenesis<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;in the normal context of natural selection<sub>3b<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Sociogenesis<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;is the human niche<sub>1b<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The human niche<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;is the potential<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;of triadic relations<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Consequently, the adaptation of joint attention<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;should be marked in the archaeological record with&nbsp;<em>the appearance of the Homo genus,<\/em>&nbsp;around 1.8Myr (millions of years ago).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0082 With that in mind, I close this examination of the first step in Tomasello&#8217;s journey, scientifically exploring&nbsp;<em>who we are<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The next step is a book that expands and clarifies this first step.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is published nine years later.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0072 Chapter five is titled, &#8220;Linguistic Construction and Event Cognition&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;The perspective-level linguistic communication2c&nbsp;participates in ongoing events2a. Tomasello claims that&nbsp;joint attention&nbsp;is&nbsp;the key adaptation from which subsequent adaptations proceed.&nbsp;&nbsp;Surely,&nbsp;the three-level interscope&nbsp;depicted above does not contradict this claim. After all,&nbsp;the evolution of joint attention&nbsp;should precede&nbsp;the evolution of linguistic communication. 0073 However, there is a disjunction, because great apes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[370,426,419,40],"tags":[115,39,218,71,402,29,249,119,55,403,435,133,437,251,34,430,124,266,31,35,431,434,401,433,253,436,287,432],"class_list":["post-7233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biological-cultural-evolution","category-mystery-of-evolution","category-scholastic-interscope-for-the-way-humans-think","category-the-human-niche","tag-adaptation","tag-category-based-nested-form","tag-culture","tag-evolution-of-talk","tag-exemplar-sign","tag-first-singularity","tag-hand-talk","tag-human-evolution","tag-interscope","tag-interventional-sign","tag-joint-attention","tag-language","tag-origins-of-language","tag-our-current-lebenswelt","tag-peirce","tag-phenotype","tag-philosophy","tag-psychology","tag-scholasticism","tag-semiotics","tag-social-cognition","tag-sociogenesis","tag-specifying-sign","tag-team","tag-the-lebenswelt-that-we-evolved-in","tag-tomasello","tag-triadic-relations","tag-understanding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Michael Tomasello&#039;s Book (1999) &quot;The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition&quot; 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