{"id":6732,"date":"2023-10-26T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=6732"},"modified":"2023-05-27T12:15:13","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T12:15:13","slug":"looking-at-john-deelys-book-2010-semiotic-animal-part-3-of-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=6732","title":{"rendered":"Looking at John Deely&#8217;s Book (2010) &#8220;Semiotic Animal&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0(Part 3 of 22)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0016 In chapter two, modern philosophy takes flight toward its twilight and, in chapter three, we enter the dawn of&nbsp;<em>a new understanding of human beings<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0017 Two independent lines of thought develop in Europe and in America in the late 1800s and early 1900s.&nbsp;&nbsp;The lines seem a little crossed.&nbsp;&nbsp;On the American side, Charles Peirce reproduces the Baroque scholastic definition of the sign as a triadic relation.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, Baroque scholasticism sounds like Europe.&nbsp;&nbsp;On the European side, Ferdinand de Saussure recognizes that&nbsp;<em>his novel model of language<\/em>&nbsp;occasions an inquiry into sign-causality.&nbsp;&nbsp;To me, this sounds quite American.&nbsp;&nbsp;Language is a sign-machine, consisting of two arbitrarily related systems of differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0018 Consider a map of Pennsylvania.&nbsp;&nbsp;This map is an example of&nbsp;<em>a nonarbitrary<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>a motivated<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>a systematically related<\/em>&nbsp;system of differences.&nbsp;&nbsp;The roads on the map are signifiers.&nbsp;&nbsp;The actual roads are the signified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0019 Consider spoken languages.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Talk<\/em>&nbsp;(in French,&nbsp;<em>parole<\/em>) consists in one system of differences.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Each uttered word<\/em>&nbsp;is distinct from all other words.&nbsp;&nbsp;Another term for&nbsp;<em>a finite set of differences<\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a symbolic order<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What goes on in one&#8217;s head while talking<\/em>&nbsp;(in French,&nbsp;<em>langue<\/em>) consists in&nbsp;<em>the other set of differences<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Saussure, the relation between&nbsp;<em>parole<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>langue<\/em>&nbsp;is arbitrary.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, one can say,&nbsp;<em>parole<\/em>&nbsp;[stipulates]&nbsp;<em>langue<\/em>, where the contiguity, &#8220;stipulation&#8221;, is arbitrary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0020 Note how I can depict these examples as hylomorphes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A map [ overlays ] a landscape<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Parole [stipulates ] langue<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus, the latter dyad captures the flavor of Descartes&#8217; original hylomorphe describing humans as thinking things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide08-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide08-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide08-3.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide08-3-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 08<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0021 Saussure&#8217;s hylomorphe is versatile, because&nbsp;<em>parole<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>langue<\/em>&nbsp;can serve as bread for&nbsp;<em>a sandwich filled with expansions of the contiguity, [stipulates]<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The terms,&nbsp;<em>signifier<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>signified,<\/em>&nbsp;to an Aristotelian, are a little misleading, because&nbsp;<em>the signified<\/em>&nbsp;is typically &#8220;out there&#8221; (like a landscape) and&nbsp;<em>the signifier<\/em>&nbsp;is typically &#8220;ready to hand&#8221; (like a map).&nbsp;&nbsp;But,&nbsp;<em>the signified<\/em>&nbsp;is simultaneously &#8220;in here&#8221;, because all one has to do is look to see the road that corresponds to a line on the map.&nbsp;&nbsp;Even more &#8220;in here&#8221; are&nbsp;<em>images of the road<\/em>&nbsp;conjured when looking at a map while planning a trip at home.&nbsp;&nbsp;No wonder Saussureans elevate&nbsp;<em>the mental image of the road<\/em>&nbsp;(&#8220;in here&#8221;) and ignore&nbsp;<em>the road itself<\/em>&nbsp;(&#8220;out there&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another pairing is&nbsp;<em>acoustic signal<\/em>&nbsp;(signifier) and&nbsp;<em>neural signal&nbsp;<\/em>(signified), the stuff of cognitive psychology.&nbsp;&nbsp;These are a few of the obvious pairings that can expand&nbsp;<em>the contiguity between parole and langue<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide09-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide09-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide09-3.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Slide09-3-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine how many academic works can be formulated based on an ever-expanding &#8220;stipulation&#8221;.&nbsp;&nbsp;Every researcher can discover or further develop one layer within the center of the intellectual sandwich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0022 Yet, none of these sandwiches are satisfying, in&nbsp;<em>the human sense of the word,<\/em>&nbsp;because (if humans are semiotic animals, then) humans think in terms of signs&#8230; er&#8230; triadic relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0023 In order to understand an actuality<sub>2<\/sub>, the human conjures (if that is the proper word for it) a normal context<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;and its potential<sub>1<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is apparent for Aristotle&#8217;s rational inquiry.&nbsp;&nbsp;A thing is an actuality<sub>2<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Actuality<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;belongs to secondness.&nbsp;&nbsp;Secondness consists of two contiguous real elements. So, the actuality<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;becomes&nbsp;<em>matter [contiguity] form<sub>2<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;as the normal context<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;(of rational inquiry<sub>3<\/sub>) and its potential<sub>1<\/sub>&nbsp;(of Aristotle&#8217;s four causes and similar schema<sub>1<\/sub>) are conjured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check points 0014 and 0015 for that one.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0016 In chapter two, modern philosophy takes flight toward its twilight and, in chapter three, we enter the dawn of&nbsp;a new understanding of human beings. 0017 Two independent lines of thought develop in Europe and in America in the late 1800s and early 1900s.&nbsp;&nbsp;The lines seem a little crossed.&nbsp;&nbsp;On the American side, Charles Peirce reproduces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[175],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-peirce-and-aquinas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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