{"id":5079,"date":"2021-07-14T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=5079"},"modified":"2022-05-07T23:10:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T23:10:49","slug":"looking-at-josh-hammers-opinion-piece-2021-experts-part-2-of-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=5079","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Josh Hammer&#8217;s Opinion Piece (2021) &#8220;&#8230;Experts&#8221; (Part 2 of 4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0005 First, I ask the question, &#8220;How does the term, &#8216;expert&#8217;, distinguish itself in spoken language, defined by Ferdinand de Saussure as two arbitrarily related systems of differences?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or, more briefly, how does the spoken word, &#8220;expert&#8221;, hold a place in a finite system of differences?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0006 An answer: The word, &#8220;expert&#8221;, has a unique Greimas Square, a configuration of four elements (A1, B1, A2 and B2).&nbsp;&nbsp;Each element forms a corner in a square.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a picture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hammer-01.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hammer-01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hammer-01.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hammer-01-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0007 Here are the rules: A1 is the focal word.&nbsp;&nbsp;B1 contrasts with A1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A2 contradicts B1 and complements A1.&nbsp;&nbsp;B2 contrasts with A2, contradicts A1 and complements B1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0008 The term, &#8220;expert&#8221; goes into A1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What contrasts with A1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How about the word, &#8220;bureaucrat&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Bureaucrat&#8221; goes into B1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0009 What contradicts the bureaucrat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Expert discourse focuses on the subject-matter and does not take into account other issues.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Subject-matter discourse<\/em>&nbsp;(A2) is&nbsp;<em>content-oriented<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0010 What contrasts with&nbsp;<em>subject-matter discourse<\/em>&nbsp;(A2)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Administrative, rule-making discourse<\/em>&nbsp;does (B2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0011 In the next blog, I show the diagram.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0005 First, I ask the question, &#8220;How does the term, &#8216;expert&#8217;, distinguish itself in spoken language, defined by Ferdinand de Saussure as two arbitrarily related systems of differences?&#8221; Or, more briefly, how does the spoken word, &#8220;expert&#8221;, hold a place in a finite system of differences? 0006 An answer: The word, &#8220;expert&#8221;, has a unique [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,11,8],"tags":[167,165,39,138,166,169,106,174,133,162,50,81,171,170,172],"class_list":["post-5079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-greimas-square","category-our-current-lebenswelt","category-our-current-lebenswelt-is-not-the-lebenswelt-that-we-evolved-in","tag-administrative-state","tag-bureaucrat","tag-category-based-nested-form","tag-discourse","tag-expert","tag-expertise","tag-greimas-square","tag-josh-hammer","tag-language","tag-presence","tag-religion","tag-saussure","tag-society","tag-trust","tag-two-level-interscope"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Josh Hammer&#039;s Opinion Piece (2021) &quot;...Experts&quot; 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