{"id":4653,"date":"2020-06-24T23:29:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T23:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=4653"},"modified":"2022-05-08T00:04:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-08T00:04:49","slug":"comments-on-robert-pennocks-essay-2009-the-difference-between-science-and-religion-part-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=4653","title":{"rendered":"Comments on Robert Pennock\u2019s Essay (2009) \u201c&#8230;the Difference between Science and Religion?\u201d (Part 5)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0026 In 1981, the ship,&nbsp;<em>The Creation Science<\/em>, encounters the leviathan swimming in the celestial waters.&nbsp;&nbsp;The captain loses a leg to stand on, but realizes that he can fashion a new leg even better than the first.&nbsp;&nbsp;He repairs the ship and re-brands her,&nbsp;<em>The Intelligent Design<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 2005, this ship lures the leviathan down from its heavenly deep, once again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this interval, philosopher Larry Laudan vigorously attacks the foundation of the leviathan\u2019s first victory.&nbsp;&nbsp;He pulls teeth.&nbsp;&nbsp;He demolishes the argument that science and religion may be distinguished on the basis of method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally,&nbsp;<em>The Intelligent Design<\/em>&nbsp;opens sail with&nbsp;<em>a methodology identical to the empirio-schematic judgment<\/em>&nbsp;and coherent with its content-level nested form.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The normal context of disciplinary language<sub>3a<\/sub>, describing methods<\/em>, brings&nbsp;<em>the actuality of metaphysically-open models<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;into relation with&nbsp;<em>the possibilities inherent in observations and measurments<sub>1a<\/sub>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0027 Once again, here is the two-level interscope for methodological<sub>a<\/sub>&nbsp;naturalism<sub>b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/200516-pennock-image-05.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/200516-pennock-image-05.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/200516-pennock-image-05-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 05<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0028 Pennock wants to defend the demarcation of science and religion.&nbsp;&nbsp;Method does not offer sufficient critieria.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, he configures a new foundation.&nbsp;&nbsp;He calls it \u201cmethodological naturalism\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, the \u201cmethod<sub>a<\/sub>\u201d has already been neutralized by Laudan.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, \u201cnaturalism<sub>b<\/sub>\u201d is the key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To this end, in section 5 of this article, Pennock constructs&nbsp;<em>a weak version of the distinction between science and religion, one that grants many of Laudan\u2019s points<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tellingly, instead of referring to the ship\u2019s new name,&nbsp;<em>The Intelligent Design<\/em>, Pennock sticks to the old label,&nbsp;<em>The Creation Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennock writes four sub-sections (O-R).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0029 The first (O) concerns the dustbin of history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Creation Science is not even a bad science.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, some say that the Earth is only a few thousand years old.&nbsp;&nbsp;Others say that Noah\u2019s Flood is global.&nbsp;&nbsp;These models are not supported by data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0030 The second (P) concerns disciplinary language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ship,&nbsp;<em>The Creation Science<\/em>, has no coherent disciplinary language, outside of Biblical interpretation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The language of Intelligent Design<\/em>&nbsp;is also incoherent.&nbsp;&nbsp;Even if one observes&nbsp;<em>phenomena<\/em>&nbsp;associated to impossible events, one cannot conclude that the events are miraculous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okay, one can conclude that the events are miraculous.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, that would violate the rules of the naturalist intellect<sub>3b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0031 The third (Q) is pragmatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Methodological naturalists recognize science.&nbsp;&nbsp;Why can\u2019t philosophers like Laudan?&nbsp;&nbsp;Why are courses on&nbsp;<em>the philosophy of science<\/em>&nbsp;not taught by theologians?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What do the sailors on&nbsp;<em>The Intelligent Design<\/em>&nbsp;hear?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Someone in the waters asks, \u201cWhy are courses on&nbsp;<em>the philosophy of religion<\/em>&nbsp;not taught by scientists?&nbsp;&nbsp;Er&#8230; I mean&#8230; taught by&nbsp;<em>highly certified naturalists who self-identify as \u2018not religious\u2019<\/em>?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oh, never mind, they are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0032 The fourth (R) is empirical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Science educators say that there is a real distinction between science and non-science, such as Creation Science.&nbsp;&nbsp;The National Science Teacher\u2019s Association insists that scientific claims are not religious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or, should I say that the empirio-schematic judgment is not religious?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What about \u201cscientific\u201d or methodological naturalism?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is that not religious?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, the rule of naturalism says, \u201cNo metaphysics.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Who is surprised that no mechanical or mathematical models appeal to supernatural forces?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennock finally feels the sharp point of&nbsp;<em>an issue that cannot be confronted<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;He states that his account explicates \u201cscientific\u201d naturalism as a methodological commitment, not a metaphysical one.&nbsp;&nbsp;The ground rule of \u201cno metaphysics\u201d is&#8230; um&#8230; not metaphysical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0033 Say what?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is the philosopher\u2019s task?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is it possible for a philosopher to accept that&nbsp;<em>the claim to be \u201cnot religious\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;may, indeed, be&nbsp;<em>not religious?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since when do philosophers spout tautologies?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a glance, once again, at the two-level interscope for methodological naturalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a certain circularity to the structure.&nbsp;&nbsp;The content-level<sub>a<\/sub>&nbsp;is the empirio-schematic judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;The empirio-schematic judgment is the actuality<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;of the situation level<sub>b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0034 Where does the ground rule of \u201cno metaphysics\u201d come from?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Does it come from inside the circle?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Does it come from outside the circle?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is the perspective level empty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What does that imply?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0026 In 1981, the ship,&nbsp;The Creation Science, encounters the leviathan swimming in the celestial waters.&nbsp;&nbsp;The captain loses a leg to stand on, but realizes that he can fashion a new leg even better than the first.&nbsp;&nbsp;He repairs the ship and re-brands her,&nbsp;The Intelligent Design.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 2005, this ship lures the leviathan down from its heavenly deep, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[39,53,52,54,55,56,57,34,50,44],"class_list":["post-4653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-defining-religion","tag-category-based-nested-form","tag-creation-science","tag-demarcation","tag-intelligent-design","tag-interscope","tag-kitzmiller","tag-mclean","tag-peirce","tag-religion","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comments on 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