{"id":10545,"date":"2026-05-01T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10545"},"modified":"2025-11-08T16:40:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T16:40:20","slug":"what-is-the-scholastic-logic-behind-universals-let-us-see-what-baroque-scholastic-izquierdo-says","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10545","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Essay (2017)\u00a0Izquierdo on Universals\u00a0(Part 6 of 6)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0350 Next, the fourth proposition (P4) comes up for consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0351 What is the disposition of&nbsp;<em>the universal<\/em>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<em>each of Aristotle\u2019s definitions?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the working model, both definitions are in play in the primal triad.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are not independent.&nbsp;&nbsp;How can this be?&nbsp;&nbsp;This model supports further philosophical inquiry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0352 Propositions P2 and P3 pertain to the interscope of the individual in community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide11-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide11-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide11-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide11-1-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0353 P3 points to the fact that&nbsp;<em>the normal context for judgment<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is reason<sub>3c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0354 P2 suggests that&nbsp;<em>what is<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>what ought to be<\/em>&nbsp;may not be labeled.&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead,<em>&nbsp;phantasms<\/em>&nbsp;<em>and<\/em>&nbsp;<em>impressions&nbsp;<\/em>substitute for these&nbsp;<em>intersubjective unities<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The resulting judgment is called&nbsp;<em>an intrinsic abstraction<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is&nbsp;<em>the type of judgment<\/em>rendered in&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0355 The Christian sacrament of the Eucharist serves as an example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What is&nbsp;<\/em>appears as&nbsp;<em>a piece of bread<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What ought to be<\/em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>the phantasm of the body of Christ<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thomas Aquinas discovered<em>&nbsp;the relation<\/em>, twelve hundred years after the commissioning of the Last Supper.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Transubstantiation<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(as the universal,&nbsp;<em>relation<\/em>) brings&nbsp;<em>the appearance of bread<sub>2a-&gt;2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(as the universal,&nbsp;<em>what is<\/em>) into relation with&nbsp;<em>the body of Christ<sub>2b-&gt;2c<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(as the universal,&nbsp;<em>what ought to be<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0356&nbsp;<em>What is<\/em>&nbsp;emerges from&nbsp;<em>the potency of the material and physical<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What ought to be<\/em>&nbsp;emerges from&nbsp;<em>the potency of the formal and logical<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What brings these into relation<\/em>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<em>mystical operation<\/em>&nbsp;emerging from&nbsp;<em>the potency of human understanding<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0357 Of course, I will never hear the word \u201ctransubstantiation\u201d on television in&nbsp;<em>this era of big government (il)liberalism<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, I will see a commercial for a Czech beer, starting with the image of an amber bottle, glistening with condensate.&nbsp;&nbsp;Music starts.&nbsp;&nbsp;The word \u201cyou\u201d appears as a hand grasps the bottle.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cCan\u201d, another hand pops the cap.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cBe\u201d, one hand lifts the bottle.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe King\u201d, the hand pours the beer.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cOf Bohemia\u201d, the cascading brew fills an image of a throne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The music swells as&nbsp;<em>the honey-colored throne<\/em>&nbsp;morphs into&nbsp;<em>a glistening glass of beer<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The voice-over intones, \u201cYou can be the King of Bohemia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0358 Has&nbsp;<em>the glorious body of the king<\/em>&nbsp;transubstantiated into&nbsp;<em>a commodity, a regal libation?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0359 I raise my glass to Ceske Budejovice in the Czech Republic, the home of the University of South Bohemia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0360 Daniel Novotny lists the consequences of Baroque Scholastic Sebastian Izquierdo\u2019s Disputation 17 in&nbsp;<em>The Lighthouse of the Sciences<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;He concludes with an impression: Izquierdo is close to modern empiricism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0361 Izquierdo rejects the extra-mental features of universals and avoids the projection of universals into the realm of the mundane.&nbsp;&nbsp;He avoids nominalism by insisting on objective concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0362 Novotny suggests that Izquierdo\u2019s rejection of Aristotle\u2019s act-potency distinction draws him into the same errors that plague contemporary metaphysics and philosophy of mathematics.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The middle way between nominalism and Platonism<\/em>&nbsp;must be grounded in&nbsp;<em>the metaphysical structure of reality<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, Izquierdo cannot lock onto that&nbsp;<em>relational structure<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0363 Charles S. Peirce gave me a gift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0364 His three categories point to&nbsp;<em>the ground that Izquierdo intimated<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Izquierdo\u2019s third way may have failed, but with the category-based nested form, I can look across the turbulent seas of the Age of Ideas and say, \u201cI see what you mean.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0365&nbsp;<em>The Lighthouse of the Sciences<\/em>&nbsp;still beacons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f317d569d249062169059d531bf2b400\">SandH0366 This concludes this strand on Baroque Scholasticism in the rope of Semiotics and History.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0350 Next, the fourth proposition (P4) comes up for consideration. 0351 What is the disposition of&nbsp;the universal&nbsp;to&nbsp;each of Aristotle\u2019s definitions? According to the working model, both definitions are in play in the primal triad.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are not independent.&nbsp;&nbsp;How can this be?&nbsp;&nbsp;This model supports further philosophical inquiry. 0352 Propositions P2 and P3 pertain to the interscope of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[619,58,592,254],"tags":[62,628,39,525,589,547,183,590,623,29,629,119,245,621,55,586,620,468,624,124,530,550,44,627,626,625,585,630],"class_list":["post-10545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-confounding","category-hylomorphism-and-secondness","category-semiotics-and-history","category-triadic-structure-of-judgment","tag-aristotle","tag-baroque-scholasticism","tag-category-based-nested-form","tag-charles-peirce","tag-confounding","tag-empirio-schematics","tag-ens-rationis","tag-entanglement","tag-ferdinand-saussure","tag-first-singularity","tag-frascisco-suarez","tag-human-evolution","tag-hylomorphe","tag-incorporation","tag-interscope","tag-juri-lotman","tag-kalevi-kull","tag-lebenswelt","tag-peircean-categories","tag-philosophy","tag-positivists-judgment-2","tag-razie-mah","tag-science","tag-semiotics-and-history","tag-slavic-civilization","tag-sphere-of-understanding","tag-tartu-moscow-school-of-semiotics","tag-universal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Essay (2017)\u00a0Izquierdo on Universals\u00a0(Part 6 of 6) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A universal must be \u201csomething\u201d that characterizes every member of a category. 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