{"id":10510,"date":"2026-05-11T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10510"},"modified":"2025-11-08T16:06:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T16:06:49","slug":"looking-at-daniel-novotnys-book-2013-ens-rationis-from-suarez-to-caramuelpart-17-of-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10510","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &#8220;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&#8221;(Part 17 of 19)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0214 Whoa!&nbsp;&nbsp;Who would have expected that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0215 The being of reason is still&nbsp;<em>the other element in the dyad of actuality in the content level<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;As such, it accounts for \u2018the original element in the dyad of actuality, the encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a language-event that stimulates the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;to produce this particular type of account<sub>2a<\/sub>, in the process of constructing a content-level nested form<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is composed of actualities that contradict.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It emerges within the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<em>the potential of intrinsic unity<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide42.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide42.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide42-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0216 At this point, I return to Novotny\u2019s summary of Caramuel&nbsp;(Chapter 8; Section B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0217 What are the causes of \u2018beings of reason\u2019?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CC1: Language is the (efficient) cause of extrinsically united, self-contradictory objects (\u2018beings of reason\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CC2: If anything, language is the (efficient) cause of the (intellect seeing \u2018beings of reason\u2019 as) intrinsic unification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CC3: If anything, God (efficiently) causes the \u2018essence\u2019 of the intrinsic unity (exhibited by beings of reason within the intellect).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CC4: If anything, intrinsically united \u2018beings of reason\u2019 have no formal or material causes.&nbsp;&nbsp;They may have exemplar or final causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0218 To me, the depicted model captures all these causes.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;decodes a linguistic statement<sub>2a<\/sub>, producing&nbsp;<em>a being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;that depicts contradicting actualities as a single (contradiction-filled) actuality<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This actuality is then situated by&nbsp;<em>the potential for intrinsic unity<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This potential<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;underlies the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;within the normal context of situational reason<sub>3b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0219 Notably, Caramuel\u2019s causes call to mind one of Hurtado\u2019s causes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H2C9: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 can be made through the simple apprehension of unity between incompatible items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This suggests that the entire process is experienced as simple apprehension.&nbsp;&nbsp;In modern terms, \u2018beings of reason\u2019 are gestalt experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0220 What does this imply?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To Novotny, Caramuel\u2019s perspective tends towards elimination of the term \u2018beings of reason\u2019 from the disciplines of ontology (the study of being) and metaphysics (inquiry into being itself).&nbsp;&nbsp;After all, the very term \u2018being of reason\u2019 contains a contradiction.&nbsp;&nbsp;Therefore, it is not subject to the logic of non-contradiction.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Beings that are not subject to the logic of non-contradiction<\/em>&nbsp;cannot be actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0221 Or can they?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novotny goes on to say that Caramuel may as well have written this, \u201cDoes it make sense to insist that there are&nbsp;<em>non-existing entities that we treat as if they existed?<\/em>&nbsp;&nbsp;One would also have to insist that the contrary is true.&nbsp;&nbsp;Some entities exist that we treat as if they do not exist.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0222 To me, that recalls the matrix that has appeared more than once in this work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide43.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide43.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide43-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0223&nbsp;<em>What Suarez called \u2018a being of reason\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;fits both entries in&nbsp;<em>the red dashed outline<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It fits hand talk as an unreal being (a being that cannot be pointed to).&nbsp;&nbsp;It fits speech-alone talk as a real nonbeing (a nonbeing that can be thought of as existing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0224 How does this work?&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, how does this not work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0225 In hand talk, a real encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;stimulates the efficient intellect.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect produces a being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>, a nonreal being.&nbsp;&nbsp;This being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;exists as&nbsp;<em>a being in the person<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>manifesting itself through fleeting physiological expressions<\/em>. These expressions can be pictured and pointed to.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, my projected being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;cannot be seen by others.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus, the being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a being that cannot be pointed to<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0226 Then, the reckoning<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;that produces the being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is judged<sub>2c<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a nonbeing that can be pointed to<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0227 Why is the judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;a real nonbeing?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;yields&nbsp;<em>a hand talk statement that conveys a contradiction<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Two actualities are unified within one actuality.&nbsp;&nbsp;The single actuality is a contradiction that has no being (existence), but it can be imaged and indicated.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;situates the encountered statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;as an expression of truth<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This truth<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<em>nonbeing that can be thought of in the manner of being<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0228 This is&nbsp;<em>the nature of implicit abstraction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0229 In speech-alone talk, a real encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;stimulates the efficient intellect.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect produces a being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>, a real nonbeing.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Suarez, this being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a nonbeing that is thought of in the manner of being (existence)<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;If it existed, it would exist in the intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I can say this only because I can symbolize the intellect using speech-alone words.&nbsp;&nbsp;Symbols are placeholders in a system of differences.&nbsp;&nbsp;Therefore, they do not exist by themselves.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are&nbsp;<em>nonbeings that cannot be thought of in the manner of being<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0230 With that said, I march on.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2018The reckoning that produces the being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>\u2019 is judged according to&nbsp;<em>what ought to be defined<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Hurtado, the being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is a fiction<sub>1b<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This accords with&nbsp;<em>the perspective of true versus false<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Caramuel, it<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is a gestalt<sub>1b<\/sub>&nbsp;uniting two contradicting actualities<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This accords with&nbsp;<em>a perspective of unity versus incoherence<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0231 Judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;supports an unreal being, manifesting as a speech-alone statement, independent of the formal intellect.&nbsp;&nbsp;That speech-alone statement is encountered as a real being<sub>2a<\/sub>, even though it never fully articulates the complete judgment.&nbsp;&nbsp;I call the process of speaking a judgment: an explicit abstraction<sub>2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;becomes a speech-alone talk statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;that forces the intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;to do this or that.&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it fact or fiction?&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it unity or chaos?&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;situates the encountered statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;according to a reigning perspective<sub>2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is&nbsp;<em>the nature of explicit abstraction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0232 Implicit abstraction belongs to&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>&nbsp;(as well as our current Lebenswelt).&nbsp;&nbsp;It is intuitively natural.&nbsp;&nbsp;Explicit abstraction belongs to&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It is often counterintuitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Students should read the concluding chapter of Novotny\u2019s book.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0214 Whoa!&nbsp;&nbsp;Who would have expected that? 0215 The being of reason is still&nbsp;the other element in the dyad of actuality in the content level2a.&nbsp;&nbsp;As such, it accounts for \u2018the original element in the dyad of actuality, the encountered being2a\u2019. The encountered being2a&nbsp;is&nbsp;a language-event that stimulates the efficient intellect2b&nbsp;to produce this particular type of account2a, in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 17 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10510\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 17 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0214 Whoa!&nbsp;&nbsp;Who would have expected that? 0215 The being of reason is still&nbsp;the other element in the dyad of actuality in the content level2a.&nbsp;&nbsp;As such, it accounts for \u2018the original element in the dyad of actuality, the encountered being2a\u2019. 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