{"id":10502,"date":"2026-05-13T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10502"},"modified":"2025-11-08T16:00:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T16:00:44","slug":"looking-at-daniel-novotnys-book-2013-ens-rationis-from-suarez-to-caramuelpart-15-of-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10502","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &#8220;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&#8221;(Part 15 of 19)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0182&nbsp;In Chapter 7; Section A; Part 1, Novotny uses the word \u201creal\u201d for \u201cfact\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is curious.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Hurtado\u2019s (explicitly abstract) model, situational potential is&nbsp;<em>fact versus fiction<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;In contrast, the situational potential in implicit abstraction is&nbsp;<em>realness<sub>1b<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0183 Even more revealing is&nbsp;<em>the terminus of the reflective act<sub>2c<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Hurtado, the reflective act arrives at true, as opposed to false, premises.&nbsp;&nbsp;This includes&nbsp;<em>the identification of a statement as fiction<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The identification must be regarded as true, even though the statement itself is fiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0184 How does this work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>An encountered explicit abstraction<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;triggers action by&nbsp;<em>the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;I suppose that one could say that&nbsp;<em>the being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;arises from&nbsp;<em>the potential of<\/em>&nbsp;<em>whatever processes a speech-alone statement<sub>1a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It could be&nbsp;<em>the potential of automatic decoding<sub>1a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Or it could exist as an object<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;that necessarily fits&nbsp;<em>the normal context of \u2018this must be a proposition\u2019<sub>3a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0185 I suggest that&nbsp;<em>the encountered explicit abstraction<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;could also be called&nbsp;<em>\u201can extrinsic denomination<sub>2a<\/sub>\u201d<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Originally,&nbsp;<em>the latter term<\/em>&nbsp;suggests that&nbsp;<em>all beings of reason<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;are somehow pegged to encountered real beings<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;This accords to that intuition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0186 However, look at the term closely.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cExtrinsic\u201d means&nbsp;<em>from outside the intellect of the subject<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It could also mean&nbsp;<em>from outside the subject<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cDenomination\u201d means&nbsp;<em>to apply a name or value to this or that<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>A spoken proposition<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>could fit the bill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0187 So&nbsp;<em>the idea of extrinsic denomination<\/em>&nbsp;could shift, from&nbsp;<em>an image where&nbsp;<\/em>beings of reason<em>&nbsp;are tags on encountered forms<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;or acts of reason<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<em>a picture where&nbsp;<\/em>beings of reason<em>&nbsp;are decoded versions of propositions that are spoken to me<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With that shift,&nbsp;<em>spoken statements<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(one element in the content-level actuality) may trigger the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;to produce&nbsp;<em>a being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;(the other element of the dyad) that is&nbsp;<em>virtually proper<\/em>&nbsp;(truly defined)<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>appropriate<\/em>(factually reckoned)<sub>2b<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Such objects must already reside in the vocabularies of the efficient<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;and formal<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;intellects, even though only&nbsp;<em>the occasion of the encountered speech-alone statements<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;makes them actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0188 This scenario matches Mastri\u2019s and Belluto\u2019s fourth claim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MBN4: Before they are actual objects of the intellect, beings of reason exist as virtual and potential objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, they do not exist as actual or possible real beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MBN5: Beings of reason cannot exist in actual reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, they fill a slot in the realm of actuality.&nbsp;&nbsp;Consequently&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MBN6: Beings of reason are not pure nothingness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0189 By filling in the empty slot of the dyad of actuality<sub>2a<\/sub>, the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;imposes a being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;into the content-level nested form.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;will get classified as fact or fiction<sub>1b<\/sub>, depending on the situation<sub>3b<\/sub>.&nbsp;However, the default situation is real, so:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0190 MBN7: Beings of reason are thought of in the manner of facts (true and real beings), even though they may be fiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This implies that facts are not beings of reason.&nbsp;&nbsp;Beings of reason are fictional, even though they may be regarded as facts.&nbsp;&nbsp;Once the formal intellect ascertains that a being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is fiction, then the situation changes, and the efficient intellect may now grasp the being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;as fiction<sub>1b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Perhaps, this goes with the fact that Cervantes published&nbsp;<em>Don Quixote<\/em>, the first fictional novel of&nbsp;<em>the Age of Ideas,<\/em>&nbsp;in Spanish in 1607 AD.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0191 MBN8: The formal intellect may reflexively (or reflectively) think of \u2018beings of reason\u2019 as \u2018fictions\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The formal intellect<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;does this through analogy:&nbsp;<em>Beings of reason are to thought<\/em>&nbsp;as&nbsp;<em>beings are to existence<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MBN9: Beings of reason exist (are beings) in an analogical sense of existence (being).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0192 What does this imply?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novotny sums it&nbsp;up.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mastri\u2019s and Belluto\u2019s treatment is more mature than Suarez\u2019s set up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0193 The question is: Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mastri and Belluto run Suarez\u2019s thought experiment.&nbsp;&nbsp;They take Hurtado\u2019s perspective, valuing true over false, and arrive at a similar entanglement with fact and fiction.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yet, Mastri and Belluto re-work Hurtado\u2019s jarring&nbsp;<em>change of perspective<\/em>&nbsp;and re-establish the importance of the \u2018being of reason\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The being<sup>in_reason<\/sup>&nbsp;is important because it allows&nbsp;<em>the formal intellect<\/em>&nbsp;to identify it as&nbsp;<em>fiction,<\/em>&nbsp;thereby arriving at&nbsp;<em>a truth<\/em>.&nbsp;That truth is not available to fact, which is already true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0194 In their narrative arc, the being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is transcribed into&nbsp;<em>a type of decoded statement<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>is&nbsp;<em>a decoded statement that will be classified as fiction, even though, at first, the efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;grasps it as fact<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;When the formal intellect<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;discerns the decoded statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;as false, it<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;arrives at a truth: This reckoning<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;is false<sub>2c<\/sub>, so it must situate<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;a fiction<sub>1b<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The situation changes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Once the decoded statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is labeled a \u2018being of reason<sub>2a<\/sub>\u2019, the efficient intellect may grasp the decoded statement<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;as fiction and truthfully entertain its falsehood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0195 Mastri\u2019s and Belluto\u2019s perspective<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide38.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide38.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide38-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0196 Amazingly, the Baroque scholastics arrive at a counterpoint to the emerging&nbsp;<em>Age of Ideas<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Age of Ideas<\/em>theorizes how facts produce true definitions.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Baroque scholastics discover how fictions are false, until<em>&nbsp;the moment that the formal intellect recognizes them as false<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, that recognition introduces truth.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, now a being<sup>in_reason<\/sup>&nbsp;may be regarded as fact&nbsp;<em>in a situation conditioned by a truthful acknowledgment of fiction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As such, Mastri and Belluto (as well as other Baroque scholastics) justify modern literature as&nbsp;<em>written words that are false unless regarded as fiction<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;They do so before modern literature is written.&nbsp;&nbsp;Who could anticipate that?&nbsp;&nbsp;Is&nbsp;<em>the Age of Ideas<\/em>&nbsp;also&nbsp;<em>the Age of Fiction?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0182&nbsp;In Chapter 7; Section A; Part 1, Novotny uses the word \u201creal\u201d for \u201cfact\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is curious.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Hurtado\u2019s (explicitly abstract) model, situational potential is&nbsp;fact versus fiction1b.&nbsp;&nbsp;In contrast, the situational potential in implicit abstraction is&nbsp;realness1b. 0183 Even more revealing is&nbsp;the terminus of the reflective act2c. For Hurtado, the reflective act arrives at true, as opposed to false, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unveiling-words"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 15 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10502\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 15 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0182&nbsp;In Chapter 7; Section A; Part 1, Novotny uses the word \u201creal\u201d for \u201cfact\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is curious.&nbsp;&nbsp;In Hurtado\u2019s (explicitly abstract) model, situational potential is&nbsp;fact versus fiction1b.&nbsp;&nbsp;In contrast, the situational potential in implicit abstraction is&nbsp;realness1b. 0183 Even more revealing is&nbsp;the terminus of the reflective act2c. 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