{"id":10495,"date":"2026-05-15T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10495"},"modified":"2025-11-08T15:55:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T15:55:44","slug":"looking-at-daniel-novotnys-book-2013-ens-rationis-from-suarez-to-caramuel-part-13-of-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10495","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) “Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel”\u00a0(Part 13 of 19)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

0156 The second version of Disputation 19 appeared a little less than a decade after the first.  It is two and one half times longer.  The word \u201cfact\u201d appears occasionally in Novotny\u2019s summary.  It also looms in the background, like some ship-destroying aquatic monster just offshore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0157 Hurtado focuses on what produces fictions<\/em>.  Mental objects and propositions that represent mind-independent facts<\/em> are ruled out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are mental objects and propositions that do not represent mind-independent facts<\/em>.  They go with fictions, not facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0158 Beingsin reason<\/sup> appear in speech-alone statements.  Statements are decoded and situated as fact or fiction.  Reckonings based on fictions<\/em> are misleading.  These go with beings of reason.  Reckonings based on facts<\/em> do not involve beings of reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Misleading \u2018beings of reason\u2019 do not produce properly defined words.  They give rise to false or self-contradictory statements.  Facts produce properly defined words.  They give rise to true and consistent statements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0159 To me, the following interscope models what Hurtado is labeling \u2018a being of reason\u2019<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0160 The \u2018being of reason2a<\/sub>\u2019 is a fiction that is reckoned2b<\/sub> as a fact<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0161 What are the natures of this being of reason2a<\/sub>?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N1: The expression \u2018being of reason\u2019 may be used in more than one sense.  These senses include (1) effective and subjective2b<\/sub>, (2) denominative2a<\/sub>, (3) foundational3a(_(1a))<\/sub> and (4) proper2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To me, these so-called senses correspond to various structures within the interscope.  The effective and subjective sense goes with the intellect initiating the second element in the dyad of actuality2a<\/sub><\/em>.  The denominative sense goes with the presence of the statement2a<\/sub> and the logic of decoding.  The foundational sense goes with the content-level nested form.  This form3a((1a))<\/sub> accompanies the decoded statement2a<\/sub>.  As such, it is foundational. Finally, the proper sense goes with judgment2c<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0162 Hurtado\u2019s perspective differs from Suarez\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Suarez, the perspective is not well defined.  It is exploratory.  It sets up the thought experiment.  It asks: What is happening on the content and situation levels?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Hurtado, the perspective2c<\/sub> defines \u2018being of reason\u2019 as decoded statements that are fiction, but may be reckoned as fact2b<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0163 This fits Hurtado\u2019s other claims:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N2: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are unreal in the proper sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N3: Extrinsic denomination is not sufficient for explaining the \u2018being of reason\u2019 in the proper sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N4: A being of reason is what posits nothing intrinsic to any one thing<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N5: Beings of reason are not founded in reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2N6: Real beings are not analogous to beings of reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0164 The nature of the real encounter2a<\/sub> has changed from an encountered real being2a<\/sub><\/em> and truly referential (iconic and indexal) hand and hand-speech talk2a<\/sub><\/em> to purely symbolic speech-alone talk2a<\/sub><\/em>.  The content-level normal context has gone from what is happening?<\/em> to what does the statement say?<\/em>  Does the statement say something about mind-independent existence <\/em>(ens reale<\/em>)?  Or does the statement say something that is purely mind-dependent<\/em> (ens rationis<\/em>)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0165 The concept of mind-dependent beings<\/em> fits the following causes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C1: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 have no physical causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C2: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 may have material and formal causes in the fictitious sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C3: The intellect is the intentional efficient cause of \u2018beings of reason\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C4: The final cause of \u2018beings of reason\u2019 is not direct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0166 These mind-dependent beings should be recognized as fiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C5: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 consist of false acts, by which we claim that something exists. or can exist, that in fact cannot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C6: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are necessarily made up of false mental acts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0167 H2C7: Sometimes the false judgment is due to contingency.  So, the label may not apply to these cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clearly, these mind-dependent beings associate to fiction as it is<\/em> and fiction that is mistaken as fact<\/em>.  Plus, they are generated spontaneously by the efficient intellect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C8: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are not made by abstraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H2C9: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 can be made through the simple apprehension of unity between incompatible items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0168 Curiously, the last two causes expand the concept of mind-dependent being<\/em>.  A \u2018being of reason\u2019 may be more than mere fiction.  A mind-dependent being may also be the simple (without abstraction) apprehension of unity between incompatible items<\/em>.  This simple apprehension may be true in a way that a fact is not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0169 The fusion of two actualities into one<\/em> is discussed in the chapter on message in How To Define the Word \u201cReligion\u201d<\/em>.  Two nested forms may intersect in the realm of actuality, yielding a single actuality.  This single actuality can only be placed in the content level of an interscope.  Thus, it could occupy the slot designated 2a (the decoded statement)<\/em>.  More on that later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0170 Finally, my discussion on Hurtado is not complete without mentioning the single claim about the nature of \u2018beings of reason\u2019 that I did not mention<\/em>.  This claim is strangely ethereal, given that his perspective grounds facts as true<\/em> and fictions as false<\/em>.  \u2018The very idea that speech-alone statements must be reckoned as fact or fiction\u2019 suggests that the sorting itself<\/em> involves truth.  Thus, the following claim stands out:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H1N10: True judgment can destroy \u2018beings of reason\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0171 Perhaps, there are two axes to consider.  These are true as opposed to false<\/em> and true as opposed to deception<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

0156 The second version of Disputation 19 appeared a little less than a decade after the first.  It is two and one half times longer.  The word \u201cfact\u201d appears occasionally in Novotny\u2019s summary.  It also looms in the background, like some ship-destroying aquatic monster just offshore. 0157 Hurtado focuses on what produces fictions.  Mental objects and propositions that represent mind-independent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unveiling-words"],"yoast_head":"\nLooking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) "Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel"\u00a0(Part 13 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10495\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) "Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel"\u00a0(Part 13 of 19) - 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