{"id":10477,"date":"2026-05-19T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10477"},"modified":"2025-11-08T15:47:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T15:47:44","slug":"looking-at-daniel-novotnys-book-2013-ens-rationis-from-suarez-to-caramuelpart-10-of-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10477","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &#8220;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&#8221;(Part 10 of 19)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>0113 Consider the previous two figures along with the tenth statement on the nature of \u2018beings of reason\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SN10: Negations and privations may be in things (as real negations or privations) or in beings of reason (as negations or privations that are spoken about as if they are real).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0114 Surely, this statement re-enacts the above categorical flip between \u2018what it is\u2019 and \u2018what it ought to be\u2019.&nbsp;&nbsp;When a negation is regarded as&nbsp;<em>a real privation in a thing,<\/em>&nbsp;it goes with firstness, the realm of possibility.&nbsp;&nbsp;Why?&nbsp;&nbsp;The real being (secondness) has a potential for reversal (firstness).&nbsp;&nbsp;When the negation is regarded in the manner of being, it goes with secondness, the realm of actuallity.&nbsp;&nbsp;It becomes actual.&nbsp;&nbsp;Meanwhile, the encountered being enters into the category of firstness.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0115 Suarez\u2019s statement on the nature of beings<sup>in_reason<\/sup>&nbsp;explicitly abstracts one feature of&nbsp;<em>the three elements of judgment<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The scholastics before Suarez noticed a pattern.&nbsp;&nbsp;If negations, privations, relations and self-contradictions entered into someone&#8217;s discourse, then the schoolman ended up discussing nonbeings<em>&nbsp;the manner of being<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;No one was sure&nbsp;<em>why this was the case<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0116 The observation itself goes into the record as the eleventh and last claim listed by Novotny.&nbsp;&nbsp;Suarez claims:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SN11: Humans think in both the \u2018manner of being\u2019 and \u2018the manner of nonbeing\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After all, one could not define the \u2018being of reason\u2019 unless one imagined&nbsp;<em>a being in the manner of a nonbeing<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ironically, this is precisely what occurred when Suarez transubstantiated (changed Peircean categories) the encountered real being (what it is) from the category of secondness into firstness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A being thought of in the manner of a nonbeing<\/em>&nbsp;may manifest itself it many ways.&nbsp;&nbsp;It may be&nbsp;<em>an existent that one must declare cannot possibly exist<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It may be&nbsp;<em>a being existing in pure potential<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It may be a being that somehow causes an action to happen.&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, the action exists, and&nbsp;<em>the being that causes it<\/em>&nbsp;must be regarded in&nbsp;<em>the manner of a nonbeing<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0117 Say what?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technically,&nbsp;<em>a being belonging to the category of firstness (possibility) within a particular thirdness (normal context)<\/em>can also be&nbsp;<em>a being that one assumes&nbsp;<\/em>(as if it is a nonbeing, such as an idea)<em>&nbsp;and then ignores&nbsp;<\/em>(because one has to deal with secondness, the realm of actuality).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is that confusing, or what?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is especially confusing since we evolved to confound&nbsp;<em>the iconic and indexal linguistic act<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;with&nbsp;<em>thinking in the manner of being (existence)<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Hand talk is experienced as real being<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;By extension, so is speech-alone talk.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What Suarez calls a \u2018being of reason\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;is experienced<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;as a nonreal being<sub>2a<\/sub>,&nbsp;<em>a being that cannot be pictuerd and pointed to (and&nbsp;therefore cannot be regarded as existing by itself).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0118&nbsp;<em>This experience<sub>2b<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is triggered by&nbsp;<em>the presence of talk<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;asks the question: What accounts for&nbsp;<em>a linguistic act<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;(in the slot designated for real encountered beings)<\/em>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is a linguistic act<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;the same as an encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or is it an encounter<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;regarded<sub>2b<\/sub>&nbsp;in the manner of being<sub>2a<\/sub>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If that is not confusing enough, consider this:&nbsp;<em>What Suarez defines as \u2018a being of reason\u2019 (a nonbeing thought of in the manner of a&nbsp;being)<\/em>&nbsp;corresponds to a judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>a nonbeing that cannot be imaged or pointed to (hence, hand talked about)<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;But,&nbsp;<em>the action produced by a judgment<\/em>&nbsp;can be pictured and indicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oh my.&nbsp;&nbsp;An action that can be imaged and indicated may go into the slot for an encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But,&nbsp;<em>the being that cannot be pointed to<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;is not&nbsp;<em>the judgment<sub>2c<\/sub>&nbsp;that is somehow objectified by the action<sub>2a<\/sub>,<\/em>&nbsp;it<sub>2a<\/sub>&nbsp;is um&#8230; a being<sup>of reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0119 The following matrix hybridizes hand talk and Suarez\u2019s speech-alone talk concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide23.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide23.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide23-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0120 No wonder Daniel Novotny starts to question Suarez\u2019s approach in the chapter of the division of \u2018beings of reason\u2019.&nbsp;&nbsp;The terms \u201cbeing\u201d, \u201cexistence\u201d, \u201cnonbeing\u201d, \u201cimage\u201d and \u201cindication\u201d are intertwined in the strangest fashion.&nbsp;&nbsp;To me, Suarez has intuitively constructed a model of implicit abstraction in&nbsp;<em>a philosophical tradition devoted to explicit abstraction<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On one hand, implicit abstraction belongs to&nbsp;<em>the Lebenswelt that we evolved in<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;It also belongs to&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, explicit abstraction belongs only to&nbsp;<em>our current Lebenswelt<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0121 Here is the bare-bones schema for implicit abstraction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide24.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide24-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the skeletal model for Suarez\u2019 motivation to study \u2018beings of reason\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide25.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide25.png 600w, https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Slide25-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>0122 Implicit abstraction operates when a judgment is imaged or pointed to in hand or hand-speech talk.&nbsp;&nbsp;Icons and indexes are holistic.&nbsp;&nbsp;They are indivisible.&nbsp;&nbsp;Consequently, their referent is the entire judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0123&nbsp;<em>The nested form model of Suarez\u2019s motivations<\/em>&nbsp;diagrams an explicit process.&nbsp;&nbsp;The process starts with an encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub>.&nbsp;&nbsp;The efficient intellect reckons a being<sup>in_reason<\/sup><sub>2a<\/sub>. The formal intellect arrives at \u2018a judgment that the efficient intellect has generated&nbsp;<em>something that cannot exist as a mind-independent being<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Oops, I meant to say:&nbsp;<em>a nonbeing thought of in the&nbsp;manner of being<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Various scholastics (before Suarez) offered this explicit abstraction in order to explain observations.&nbsp;&nbsp;Suarez aims to construct a comprehensive treatment of these \u2018beings of reason\u2019.&nbsp;&nbsp;He formulates a thought experiment.&nbsp;&nbsp;The thought experiment imbues beings<sup>in_reason<\/sup>&nbsp;with secondness.&nbsp;&nbsp;But, in doing so, the schoolman enters unknown territory.&nbsp;&nbsp;Suarez is about to place this explicit abstraction into&nbsp;<em>the slot designated for an encountered being<sub>2a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>0113 Consider the previous two figures along with the tenth statement on the nature of \u2018beings of reason\u2019. SN10: Negations and privations may be in things (as real negations or privations) or in beings of reason (as negations or privations that are spoken about as if they are real). 0114 Surely, this statement re-enacts the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 10 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10477\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) &quot;Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel&quot;(Part 10 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0113 Consider the previous two figures along with the tenth statement on the nature of \u2018beings of reason\u2019. 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