{"id":10453,"date":"2026-05-25T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10453"},"modified":"2025-11-08T15:33:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T15:33:18","slug":"looking-at-daniel-novotnys-book-2013-ens-rationis-from-suarez-to-caramuelpart-5-of-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10453","title":{"rendered":"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) “Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel”(Part 5 of 19)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

0039 I now return to Novotny\u2019s text (Chapter 3; Section A).  Metaphysics is the study of being.  It entails the study of nonbeing.  The \u2018being of reason\u2019 is a type of nonbeing.  It is a nonbeing regarded in the manner of being<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So why is metaphysics interested in studying \u2018beings of reason\u2019?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suarez lists four suggestions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM1: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are studied in order to facilitate the understanding of real beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM2: This study is useful in various ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM3: This study investigates their nature, causes, division and attributes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM4: Real beings are ontologically and epistemologically prior to \u2018beings of reason\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0040 These motivations point to various features of the nested form in the previous figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0041 At the same time, the suggestions illuminate the nested form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am I correct in asserting the following?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only real being that appears in this picture is the encountered being2a<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0042 Obviously not, the human intellect is also a real being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, what do I mean by the word \u201creal\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If by \u201creal\u201d, I mean to be regarded in the manner of being<\/em>, then I may consider a beingin_reason<\/sup> to be real, even though it is a nonbeing.  So, a beingin_reason<\/sup> is a real nonbeing.  It is a nonbeing thought of in the manner of being<\/em>.  In the same way, being regarded in the manner of being<\/em> is real being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0043 To me, this suggests that the world \u201creal\u201d requires a mind.  An intellect decides whether something is real (to be thought in the manner of being) or unreal (to not be thought in the manner of being).  Indeed, an intellect situates the entire content-level nested form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

0044 So, the human intellect2b<\/sub> is a real being that situates the beingin_reason<\/sup>2a<\/sub><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, let me reconsider Suarez\u2019s four motivations with the other real being in mind.  Let me substitute the word \u201cintellect\u201d for \u201creal beings\u201d and rework the phrasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM1: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are studied in order to facilitate understanding of the intellect (and encountered beings).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM2: The study of beingsin reason <\/sup>is useful in various ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM3: This study investigates their nature, causes, divisions and attributes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SM4: The intellect and the encountered being are epistemologically and ontologically prior to \u2018beings of reason\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0045 This rewrite of Suarez\u2019s suggestions enlarges my perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two real beings in play: the encountered being2a<\/sub><\/em> and the intellect that situates the beingin_reason<\/sup>2a<\/sub><\/em>.  The study of beingsin_reason<\/sup> is useful to understand both the real beings that we encounter2a<\/sub><\/em> and the human intellect2a<\/sub><\/em>.  That understanding, which includes the nature, causes, divisions and attributes of beingsin_reason<\/sup>, puts both the situation-level intellect2b<\/sub><\/em> and the content-level actualities2a<\/sub><\/em> into perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does that imply?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There must be one more actuality.  It is located on the perspective level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

0039 I now return to Novotny\u2019s text (Chapter 3; Section A).  Metaphysics is the study of being.  It entails the study of nonbeing.  The \u2018being of reason\u2019 is a type of nonbeing.  It is a nonbeing regarded in the manner of being. So why is metaphysics interested in studying \u2018beings of reason\u2019? Suarez lists four suggestions: SM1: \u2018Beings of reason\u2019 are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-review"],"yoast_head":"\nLooking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) "Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel"(Part 5 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raziemah.com\/blog\/?p=10453\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at Daniel Novotny\u2019s Book (2013) "Ens Rationis from Suarez to Caramuel"(Part 5 of 19) - An Archaeology of the Fall\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"0039 I now return to Novotny\u2019s text (Chapter 3; Section A).  Metaphysics is the study of being.  It entails the study of nonbeing.  The \u2018being of reason\u2019 is a type of nonbeing.  It is a nonbeing regarded in the manner of being. 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